MR signal-fat-fraction analysis and T2* weighted imaging measure BAT reliably on humans without cold exposure

Holstila, Milja; Pesola, M.; Saari, Teijo I.; Koskensalo, Kalle; Raiko, Juho; Borra, Ronald; Nuutila, Pirjo; Parkkola, Riitta; Virtanen, Kirsi A.

doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2017.02.001

Cited by 49 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…We have chosen CIT as the primary endpoint of our study because it reflects the net effect of mild cold exposure on human thermogenesis. Previously, R2* measured in the FDG‐positive region of the scBAT depot has been shown to be superior to FF in predicting metabolic activity (R 2 = 0.62 vs. R 2 = 0.4) . This might explain why measurement of R2* of the whole scBAT depot in our study was predictive of CIT, while FF was not.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 43%

“…This heterogeneity is reflected by different amounts of mitochondria and thus FF and R2* per given volume. Studies that demonstrated an inverse association between FF and BAT activity based the segmentation of BAT in the MRI dataset upon volumes of interest generated by thresholding FDG‐uptake values from PET/CT or simultaneous PET/MRI scans . Placing the FF measurement into the volume with the highest FDG uptake measures mostly BAT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reliability of this approach has been validated with tissue biopsies in an animal model . Moreover, multiecho Dixon fat‐fraction of BAT (FF) and relaxation time (T 2 *) have been shown to correlate inversely with FDG uptake into BAT, and hence its metabolic activity . However, none of these studies quantitatively assessed the relation between parameters measured by MRI and CIT.…”

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confidence: 99%

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MRI characteristics of supraclavicular brown adipose tissue in relation to cold‐induced thermogenesis in healthy human adults

Gashi

Madoerin

Maushart

et al. 2019

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Background Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been proposed as a target to treat obesity and metabolic disease. Currently, 18F‐Fluordeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) is the standard for BAT‐imaging. MRI might be a promising alternative, as it is not associated with ionizing radiation, offers a high resolution, and allows to discriminate different types of soft tissue. Purpose We sought to evaluate whether supraclavicular BAT (scBAT) volume, fat‐fraction (FF), and relaxation rate (R2*) determined by MRI can predict its metabolic activity, which was assessed by measurement of cold‐induced thermogenesis (CIT). Study Type Prospective cohort study. Subjects Twenty healthy volunteers (9 female, 11 male), aged 18–47 years, with a body mass index (BMI) of 18–30 kg/m2. Field Strength/Sequence Multiecho gradient MRI for water–fat separation was used on a 3T device to measure the FF and T2* of BAT. Assessment Prior to imaging, CIT was determined by measuring the difference in energy expenditure (EE) during warm conditions and after cold exposure. Volume, FF, and R2* of scBAT was assessed and compared with CIT. In 11 participants, two MRI sessions with and without cold exposure were performed and the dynamic changes in FF and R2* assessed. Statistical Tests Linear regression was used to evaluate the relation of MRI measurements and CIT. P‐values below 0.05 were considered significant; data are given as mean ± SD. Results R2* correlated positively with CIT (r = 0.64, R2 = 0.41 P = 0.0041). Volume and FF did not correlate significantly with CIT. After mild cold exposure EE increased significantly (P = 0.0002), with a mean CIT of 147 kcal/day. The mean volume of scBAT was 72.4 ± 38.4 ml, mean FF was 74.3 ± 5.8%, and the mean R2* (1/T2*) was 33.5 ± 12.7 s‐1. Data Conclusion R2* of human scBAT can be used to estimate CIT. FF of scBAT was not associated with CIT. Level of Evidence: 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1160–1168.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 43%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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MRI characteristics of supraclavicular brown adipose tissue in relation to cold‐induced thermogenesis in healthy human adults

Gashi

Madoerin

Maushart

et al. 2019

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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“…However, both of these PET/MR studies reported that cold exposure did not significantly affect FF and/or

{normalT}_{2}^{*}

, which, in our opinion, could be due to the limitations in the quantification methods. The first study utilized two‐echo signal‐intensity‐based method, and the second study utilized magnitude‐based pixel‐by‐pixel signal fitting, which was especially challenging due to water and fat swaps in BAT that typically has a fat fraction around 50%. Overall, these studies included heterogeneous subject populations, which may confound the analyses of BAT properties and activities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies quantified active and inactive BAT on coregistered PET/CT and MRI at both thermoneutral and cold exposure temperatures . A hybrid PET/MRI BAT study revealed that FF and

{normalT}_{2}^{*}

(ie, reciprocal of R2*) of BAT during cold exposure and at a thermoneutral temperature correlated inversely with FDG update; however, cold exposure did not affect MRI measurements …”

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confidence: 99%

MRI characterization of brown adipose tissue under thermal challenges in normal weight, overweight, and obese young men

Deng

Neff

Rubert

et al. 2017

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Flavonoid‐enriched extract from Millettia speciosa Champ prevents obesity by regulating thermogenesis and lipid metabolism in high‐fat diet–induced obese C57BL/6 mice

Wang

et al. 2021

Food Science & Nutrition

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Millettia speciosa (M. speciosa) Champ is a medicinal and edible plant. The roots are rich in flavonoids, which possess multiple biological activities, including lipid‐lowering effects. This study aimed to explore the effect of flavonoid‐enriched extract from M. speciosa (FMS) on obesity. The UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS analysis and chromatographic analysis were adopted to identify flavonoid compounds in FMS. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed with a high‐fat diet for 3 months and were then treated with FMS (50 or 100 mg/kg/d) or Orlistat (10 mg kg−1 d−1) for another 8 weeks. A total of 35 flavonoids were identified in the extract of M. speciosa root. FMS reduced body weight gain, liver weight gain, white adipose tissue, lipid accumulation, and blood glucose. The levels of TG, ALT, AST, and inflammatory‐related adipokines (TNF‐α and IL‐6) in serum were also reduced by FMS. In addition, FMS promoted thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue and induced the activation of lipolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and oxidative phosphorylation in white adipose tissues. In summary, long‐term administration of FMS could ameliorate high‐fat diet–induced obesity by stimulating adipose thermogenesis and lipid metabolism.

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MR signal-fat-fraction analysis and T2* weighted imaging measure BAT reliably on humans without cold exposure

Cited by 49 publications

References 29 publications

MRI characteristics of supraclavicular brown adipose tissue in relation to cold‐induced thermogenesis in healthy human adults

MRI characteristics of supraclavicular brown adipose tissue in relation to cold‐induced thermogenesis in healthy human adults

MRI characterization of brown adipose tissue under thermal challenges in normal weight, overweight, and obese young men

Flavonoid‐enriched extract from Millettia speciosa Champ prevents obesity by regulating thermogenesis and lipid metabolism in high‐fat diet–induced obese C57BL/6 mice

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