MR-tomografische Veränderungen an Achillessehne und Rückfuß von Laufanfängern und Lauferfahrenen im Trainingsverlauf und nach einem (Halb-)Marathon

Freund, Wolfgang; Billich, Christian; Brambs, Hans‐Jürgen; Weber, Frank; Schütz, Uwe

doi:10.1055/s-0030-1271074

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This reflects a much more extensive training and pre-race running experience compared to participants of normal (half-) marathon distances (for example, average weekly workload of 14 km of a cohort in a previous study on (half-)marathon runners [55]). This difference in training volume has also been reported by others [56] who stated that the emphasis during leisure training is usually more on speed, whereas ultramarathoners focus on duration and thus on endurance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substantial and reversible brain gray matter reduction but no acute brain lesions in ultramarathon runners: experience from the TransEurope-FootRace Project

Freund

Faust

Birklein

et al. 2012

BMC Med

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BackgroundDuring the extremely challenging 4,487 km ultramarathon TransEurope-FootRace 2009, runners showed considerable reduction of body weight. The effects of this endurance run on brain volume changes but also possible formation of brain edema or new lesions were explored by repeated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies.MethodsA total of 15 runners signed an informed consent to participate in this study of planned brain scans before, twice during, and about 8 months after the race. Because of dropouts, global gray matter volume analysis could only be performed in ten runners covering three timepoints, and in seven runners who also had a follow-up scan. Scanning was performed on three identical 1.5 T Siemens MAGNETOM Avanto scanners, two of them located at our university. The third MRI scanner with identical sequence parameters was a mobile MRI unit escorting the runners. Volumetric 3D datasets were acquired using a magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo (MPRAGE) sequence. Additionally, diffusion-weighted (DWI) and fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging was performed.ResultsAverage global gray matter volume as well as body weight significantly decreased by 6% during the race. After 8 months, gray matter volume returned to baseline as well as body weight. No new brain lesions were detected by DWI or FLAIR imaging.ConclusionsPhysiological brain volume reduction during aging is less than 0.2% per year. Therefore a volume reduction of about 6% during the 2 months of extreme running appears to be substantial. The reconstitution in global volume measures after 8 months shows the process to be reversible. As possible mechanisms we discuss loss of protein, hypercortisolism and hyponatremia to account for both substantiality and reversibility of gray matter volume reductions. Reversible brain volume reduction during an ultramarathon suggests that extreme running might serve as a model to investigate possible mechanisms of transient brain volume changes. However, despite massive metabolic load, we found no new lesions in trained athletes participating in a multistage ultramarathon.See related commentary http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/10/171

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substantial and reversible brain gray matter reduction but no acute brain lesions in ultramarathon runners: experience from the TransEurope-FootRace Project

Freund

Faust

Birklein

et al. 2012

BMC Med

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“…Tendon CSA was used to calculate stress (force/CSA) to develop stress-strain curves for determining tangent modulus. To minimize the impact of previous physical activity on tendon CSA and signal, 46,47 participants were instructed to refrain from exercise programs for at least 2 days before MRI exams.…”

Section: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Mri)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Patellar tendon biomechanical and morphologic properties and their relationship to serum clinical variables in persons with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes

Patel,

Campbell,

Emenim

et al. 2024

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Tendon biomechanical properties and fibril organization are altered in patients with diabetes compared to healthy individuals, yet few biomarkers have been associated with in vivo tendon properties. We investigated the relationships between in vivo imaging‐based tendon properties, serum variables, and patient characteristics across healthy controls (n = 14, age: 45 ± 5 years, body mass index [BMI]: 24 ± 1, hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c]: 5.3 ± 0.1%), prediabetes (n = 14, age: 54 ± 5 years, BMI: 29 ± 2; HbA1c: 5.7 ± 0.1), and type 2 diabetes (n = 13, age: 55 ± 3 years, BMI: 33 ± 2, HbA1c: 6.7 ± 0.3). We used ultrasound speckle‐tracking and measurements from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to estimate the patellar tendon in vivo tangent modulus. Analysis of plasma c‐peptide, interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, IL‐8, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), adiponectin, leptin, insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1), and C‐reactive protein (CRP) was completed. We built regression models incorporating statistically significant covariates and indicators for the clinically defined groups. We found that tendon cross‐sectional area normalized to body weight (BWN CSA) and modulus were lower in patients with type 2 diabetes than in healthy controls (p < 0.05). Our regression analysis revealed that a model that included BMI, leptin, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), age, and group explained ~70% of the variability in BWN CSA (R2 = 0.70, p < 0.001). For modulus, including the main effects LDL, groups, HbA1c, age, BMI, cholesterol, IGF‐1, c‐peptide, leptin, and IL‐6, accounted for ~54% of the variability in modulus (R2 = 0.54, p < 0.05). While BWN CSA and modulus were lower in those with diabetes, group was a poor predicter of tendon properties when considering the selected covariates. These data highlight the multifactorial nature of tendon changes with diabetes and suggest that blood variables could be reliable predictors of tendon properties.

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“…In addition, there is a possibility that a relevant study has been omitted if a full-text was not written in English. One excluding German study [49] seems to be relevant our current review, reporting changes in retrocalcaneal bursa volume, the Achilles lesion volume and signal intensity of the calcaneus after a marathon. Some possible confounding factors were not reported: gender, age, background of lower limb injuries, occupational risks, family history of osteoarthritis and pre-existing malalignment should be considered for future studies.…”

Section: Limitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of MR Images of the Ankle and Foot in Response to Long-Distance Running: A Systematic Review

Kim¹,

Fern²,

ez³

et al. 2017

Adv Tech Biol Med

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Background: It has remained controversial on whether excessive loadings imposed on the ankle and foot complex during long-distance running have a deleterious effect. The aim of this systematic review is to determine whether long-distance running causes any visible changes of the ankle and foot on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods: Scopus, Web of Science, Embase and Ovid Medline were searched using key terms in relation to MRI findings of the ankle and foot in response to long-distance running, published between 1990 and 2016. The final search was conducted on 19 September, 2016. Studies were identified using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Methodological quality was assessed using a modified Quality Index. Results:The database search initially produced 551 articles and it was screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, finally resulting in four articles. Edema was reported in the talus, tibia, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid and cuneiforms. A significant alteration in signal intensity and/or edema was appeared in the calcaneus at the Achilles insertion point, intraosseous and subcutaneous over long-distance running. The diameter of Achilles tendon was also significantly increased. However, when comparing between race finishers and non-finishers, the plantar aponeurosis and subcutaneous were only significantly different, reporting a high rate of edema in non-finishers. Additionally, one study adopted T2* mapping and found significant alteration in T2* values in tibiotalar cartilage, but the value was unexpectedly decreased in the middle of long-distance running. Conclusion:This is the first systematic review to determine the effect of long-distance running on the ankle and foot using MRI. It shows that long-distance running may cause subtle pathological and biochemical changes in the ankle and foot, including the talus, tibia, the distal and proximal group of tarsal bones, 5 th metatarsals, soft tissues and the Achilles tendons. However, there is no evidence that these changes have clinical relevance. Evaluation of MR

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MR-tomografische Veränderungen an Achillessehne und Rückfuß von Laufanfängern und Lauferfahrenen im Trainingsverlauf und nach einem (Halb-)Marathon

Cited by 10 publications

References 34 publications

Substantial and reversible brain gray matter reduction but no acute brain lesions in ultramarathon runners: experience from the TransEurope-FootRace Project

Substantial and reversible brain gray matter reduction but no acute brain lesions in ultramarathon runners: experience from the TransEurope-FootRace Project

Patellar tendon biomechanical and morphologic properties and their relationship to serum clinical variables in persons with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes

Evaluation of MR Images of the Ankle and Foot in Response to Long-Distance Running: A Systematic Review

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