MRI of Brain Disease in Veterinary Patients Part 2: Acquired Brain Disorders

Hecht, Silke; Adams, William

doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2009.09.006

Cited by 45 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…In both, that case [22] and the case reported here, the MR lesions observed were suggestive of an inflammatory or infectious process. However, the lesion observed in the pons in our case was broadbased, which may be suggestive of an extra-axial neoplastic disease [23,24], but it was also ill defined and poorly marginated, with only minimal displacement of the fourth ventricle to the right and only mild T1 post-gadolinium enhancement, without dural tail sign observed, which is more suggestive of an inflammatory lesion. Primary brain tumors are often contrast enhancing compared with inflammatory lesions [23,24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Algal Meningoencephalitis due toProtothecaspp. in a Dog

Gumber

Bauer

et al. 2013

Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine

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A 6-year-old Boxer was examined because of progressive neurologic signs, with severe hindlimb ataxia and head tilt on presentation. There was no history of diarrhea or vomiting. MRI of the brain revealed multifocal ill-defined T1-enhancing lesions affecting the cerebrum, brainstem, and cervical meninges, without associated mass effect. Meningoencephalitis was considered the most likely diagnosis. Multiple algae were observed on the cytology of the CSF and were most consistent with Prototheca spp. Antiprotozoal treatment was denied by the owners, and 5 weeks after diagnosis, the dog was euthanized due to progression of the neurologic deficits, and a necropsy was performed. Histological changes in the brain were compatible with severe multifocal protothecal meningoencephalitis. The specific Prototheca species was not identified. The gastrointestinal tract was unremarkable on histology. According to this report, Prototheca spp. should be included in the differentials for neurological deficits even in the absence of gastrointestinal signs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Algal Meningoencephalitis due toProtothecaspp. in a Dog

Gumber

Bauer

et al. 2013

Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine

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“…Furthermore, we frequently observed concurrent changes within the forebrain and the caudal cranial fossa. The involvement of gray matter and extension to the surface of the brain as well as caudal fossa changes are features that differ from nonneoplastic diseases such as leukoencephalomalacia or vasogenic edema that are confined to the white matter . These MRI features are rather exceptional findings in brain disorders and indicate the unexpected diagnosis of a diffuse infiltrative disease, despite the young age of the dogs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic resonance imaging features of canine gliomatosis cerebri

Schweizer

Henke

Oevermann

et al. 2017

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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A retrospective, case series study was undertaken to identify magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of gliomatosis cerebri in dogs. Fourteen dogs were included by review of histopathological records and contemporaneous MRI. On MRI, all lesions presented as ill-defined, intraaxial lesions within the left and right forebrain hemispheres with involvement of white and gray matter. Lesions presented as hyperintense areas on T2-weighted and FLAIR sequences and as hypointense or isointense areas on T1-weighted images, with mild parenchymal contrast enhancement in three dogs. Signal changes were noted in three to 10 cerebral lobes. Other most commonly affected structures were the thalamus (13), caudate nucleus (13), interthalamic adhesion (11), hypothalamus (11), callosal commissure (10), hippocampus (9), and quadrigeminal plate (8). Abnormalities within the caudal fossa were noted in 10 dogs. Solid tumor portions were identified in five dogs. The histopathological examination demonstrated in all dogs a widespread diffuse infiltration with neoplastic glial cells in white and gray matter with meningeal infiltration. Comparison between MRI and histopathology showed that all areas with signal changes on MRI corresponded to diffuse and dense infiltration with neoplastic cells. The signal intensity on T2-weighted and FLAIR images reflected the density of neoplastic cells. In all dogs, MRI underestimated lesion extent and meningeal infiltration. Involvement of the caudal fossa was not seen on MRI in three dogs. Despite this, MRI allowed identification of lesions extending into at least three cerebral lobes and therefore satisfying the criteria used for diagnosis of diffuse glioma with gliomatosis cerebri growth pattern in humans.

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“…Clinical signs of a CNS malformation in dogs and cats are usually present from a young age although some malformations, such as intracranial cysts, may not cause neurologic dysfunction until adulthood 4,5 . Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has revolutionized the diagnosis of intracranial malformations in humans 6 and animals 7 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Intracranial Malformations in Dogs and Cats

Mackillop¹

2011

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Intracranial malformations may occur because of an inherent developmental defect or secondary to in utero injury to the brain with subsequent hypoplasia and atrophy. They can cause neurologic deficits in growing animals, although some anomalies may not produce clinical signs until adulthood. Malformations of the brain include hydrocephalus, hydranencephaly/porencephaly, holoprosencephaly, corpus callosum agenesis/dysgenesis, lissencephaly, polymicrogyria, meningoencephalocele, intracranial cysts, cerebellar malformations, and hamartomas. These conditions are defined and reviewed with an emphasis on their features in magnetic resonance images.

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MRI of Brain Disease in Veterinary Patients Part 2: Acquired Brain Disorders

Cited by 45 publications

References 131 publications

Algal Meningoencephalitis due toProtothecaspp. in a Dog

Algal Meningoencephalitis due toProtothecaspp. in a Dog

Magnetic resonance imaging features of canine gliomatosis cerebri

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Intracranial Malformations in Dogs and Cats

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