MRI of Pancreatic Islet Cell Carcinoma

“…Diagnosis of NET liver metastases was evaluated in 3 trials including 74 patients resulting in an overall mean 82% (range 80–85%) detection rate [11, 15, 23]. In a direct comparison of MRI with somatostatin receptor scintigraphy and CT in 64 patients, MRI detected 95% of liver metastases [25].…”

Section: Magnetic Resonance Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Standards of Care in Neuroendocrine Tumors: Radiological Examinations

et al. 2008

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“…Older studies, utilizing a few classical sequences such as transverse T1 and T2 without contrast enhancement, generally shows lower imaging yield [28,29] than in recent reports in which the type of i.v. CM may vary, i.e.…”

Section: Sensitivity Specificity and Detection Ratesmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Mean and range of diagnostic accuracy results based on the number of patients and studies for NETs are presented in Table 2 [11,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][40][41][42][43] .…”

Section: Sensitivity Specificity and Detection Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Standards of Care in Neuroendocrine Tumors: Radiological, Nuclear Medicine and Hybrid Imaging

et al. 2017

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Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) of the neck-thorax-abdomen and pelvis, including 3-phase examination of the liver, constitutes the basic imaging for primary neuroendocrine tumor (NET) diagnosis, staging, surveillance, and therapy monitoring. CT characterization of lymph nodes is difficult because of inadequate size criteria (short axis diameter), and bone metastases are often missed. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including diffusion-weighted imaging is preferred for the examination of the liver, pancreas, brain and bone. MRI may miss small lung metastases. MRI is less well suited than CT for the examination of extended body areas because of the longer examination procedure. Ultrasonography (US) frequently provides the initial diagnosis of liver metastases and contrast-enhanced US is excellent to characterize liver lesions that remain equivocal on CT/MRI. US is the method of choice to guide the biopsy needle for the histopathological NET diagnosis. US cannot visualize thoracic NET lesions for which CT-guided biopsy therefore is used. Endocopic US is the most sensitive method to diagnose pancreatic NETs, and additionally allows for biopsy. Intraoperative US facilitates lesion detection in the pancreas and liver. Somatostatin receptor imaging should be a part of the tumor staging, preoperative imaging and restaging, for which ⁶⁸Ga-DOTA-somatostatin analog PET/CT is recommended, which is vastly superior to somatostatin receptor scintigraphy, and facilitates the diagnosis of most types of NET lesions, for example lymph node metastases, bone metastases, liver metastases, peritoneal lesions, and primary small intestinal NETs. ¹⁸FDG-PET/CT is better suited for G3 and high G2 NETs, which generally have higher glucose metabolism and less somatostatin receptor expression than low-grade NETs, and additionally provides prognostic information.

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“…The early reports showed that most of them were strongly hypointense on T1-and strongly hyperintense on T2-weighted sequences and could thus mimic hepatic hemangiomas [20, 31,32,34] . For this reason, the usefulness of contrast-enhanced sequences was stressed, and early enhancement and heterogeneity on contrast-enhanced sequences were described as the most common features of these metastases [20] .…”

Section: Magnetic Resonance Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and Functional Imaging for Detecting and Assessing the Resectability of Neuroendocrine Liver Metastases

Ronot

Clift²,

Baüm³

et al. 2017

Neuroendocrinology

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This review evaluates the diagnostic efficacy of different morphological and functional imaging modalities (ultrasound [US], computed tomography [CT], magnetic resonance [MR] imaging, scintigraphy, and positron emission tomography [PET]) in detecting neuroendocrine liver metastases (NELM), assessing vascular and biliary involvement, and the presence of extrahepatic disease. MR imaging is superior for depicting NELM compared to US, CT, and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging is more sensitive for detecting NELM than both T2-weighted and dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR sequences, and should be systematically performed. Similarly, gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR imaging is more sensitive for detecting liver metastases than conventional extracellular gadolinium chelate-enhanced MR sequences. Its role in detecting NELM remains investigational but appears promising. Somatostatin receptor-targeted PET/CT is a highly effective approach in assessing the resectability of well-differentiated NELM due to very high specificity (and high sensitivity) and its ability to detect small volume extrahepatic disease; this molecular imaging modality is becoming increasingly available in and outside Europe after the recent approval of ⁶⁸68-DOTATATE in the US. In addition, the information from multiphase, contrast-enhanced CT with 3D reconstruction - obtained concurrently with the information on somatostatin receptor expression of the metastases - is very helpful in planning the extent and type of resection of NELM.

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MRI of Pancreatic Islet Cell Carcinoma

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Standards of Care in Neuroendocrine Tumors: Radiological Examinations

ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Standards of Care in Neuroendocrine Tumors: Radiological Examinations

ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Standards of Care in Neuroendocrine Tumors: Radiological, Nuclear Medicine and Hybrid Imaging

Morphological and Functional Imaging for Detecting and Assessing the Resectability of Neuroendocrine Liver Metastases

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