MRK 1216 and NGC 1277 – an orbit-based dynamical analysis of compact, high-velocity dispersion galaxies

Yıldırım, Akın; Bosch, Remco C. E. van den; Ven, Glenn van de; Husemann, B.; Lyubenova, M.; Walsh, Jonelle L.; Gebhardt, Karl; Gültekin, Kayhan

doi:10.1093/mnras/stv1381

Cited by 55 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 150 publications

(180 reference statements)

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“…Galaxies were selected from the HETMGS (HobbyEberly Telescope Massive Galaxy Survey, van den to have: i) large black hole spheres of influence; ii) 2MASS half-light radii smaller than 2 kpc; iii) very high central density as measured by the velocity dispersion over central resolution element (σ/1 2 ). Scientific results and further descriptions of the sample can be found in Yıldırım et al (2015Yıldırım et al ( , 2016. In those papers, the data are deeper than the standard CALIFA depth, as the exposure times are four times longer.…”

Section: Compact Early-type Galaxiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

CALIFA, the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area survey

Sanchez

García-Benito

Zibetti

et al. 2016

A&A

254

189

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This paper describes the third public data release (DR3) of the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area (CALIFA) survey. Science-grade quality data for 667 galaxies are made public, including the 200 galaxies of the second public data release (DR2). Data were obtained with the integralfield spectrograph PMAS/PPak mounted on the 3.5 m telescope at the Calar Alto Observatory. Three different spectral setups are available: i) a low-resolution V500 setup covering the wavelength range 3745-7500 Å (4240-7140 Å unvignetted) with a spectral resolution of 6.0 Å (FWHM) for 646 galaxies, ii) a medium-resolution V1200 setup covering the wavelength range 3650-4840 Å (3650-4620 Å unvignetted) with a spectral resolution of 2.3 Å (FWHM) for 484 galaxies, and iii) the combination of the cubes from both setups (called COMBO) with a spectral resolution of 6.0 Å and a wavelength range between 3700-7500 Å (3700-7140 Å unvignetted) for 446 galaxies. The Main Sample, selected and observed according to the CALIFA survey strategy covers a redshift range between 0.005 and 0.03, spans the color-magnitude diagram and probes a wide range of stellar masses, ionization conditions, and morphological types. The Extension Sample covers several types of galaxies that are rare in the overall galaxy population and are therefore not numerous or absent in the CALIFA Main Sample. All the cubes in the data release were processed using the latest pipeline, which includes improved versions of the calibration frames and an even further improved image reconstruction quality. In total, the third data release contains 1576 datacubes, including ∼1.5 million independent spectra.

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Section: Compact Early-type Galaxiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

CALIFA, the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area survey

Sanchez

García-Benito

Zibetti

et al. 2016

A&A

254

189

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The large-scale spectra were obtained with the Potsdam Multi Aperture Spectrograph (PMAS; Roth et al 2005) in the Pmas fiber PAcK (PPAK; Verheijen et al 2004;Kelz et al 2006) mode from the 3.5 m telescope at Calar Alto Observatory, and from the Marcario Low-Resolution Spectrograph (LRS; Hill et al 1998) on the Hobby-Eberly Telescope at McDonald Observatory. Yıldırım et al (2015) and van den Bosch et al (2015) presented the PPAK and HET data, but we provide a brief summary below.…”

Section: Large-scale Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yıldırım et al (2015) presented wide-field integral-field spectroscopy of Mrk 1216, and constructed axisymmetric Schwarschild models in order to learn about the galaxy's dynamical stellar massto-light ratio and dark matter halo. The spatial resolution, however, was insufficient to pin down the black hole mass, and Yıldırım et al (2015) set an upper-limit of M BH < 1 × 10 10 M ⊙ .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Black Hole Mass Determination for the Compact Galaxy Mrk 1216

Walsh

Bosch

Gebhardt

et al. 2017

ApJ

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Mrk 1216 is a nearby, early-type galaxy with a small effective radius of 2.8 kpc and a large stellar velocity dispersion of 308 km s −1 for its K-band luminosity of 1.4 × 10 11 L ⊙ . Using integral-field spectroscopy assisted by adaptive optics from Gemini North, we measure spatially resolved stellar kinematics within ∼450 pc of the galaxy nucleus. The galaxy exhibits regular rotation with velocities of ±180 km s −1 and a sharply peaked velocity dispersion profile that reaches 425 km s −1 at the center. We fit axisymmetric, orbit-based dynamical models to the combination of these high angular resolution kinematics, large-scale kinematics extending to roughly three effective radii, and Hubble Space Telescope imaging, resulting in a constraint of the mass of the central black hole in Mrk 1216. After exploring several possible sources of systematics that commonly affect stellar-dynamical black hole mass measurements, we find a black hole mass of M BH = (4.9±1.7)×10 9 M ⊙ and a H-band stellar mass-to-light ratio of Υ H = 1.3±0.4 Υ ⊙ (1σ uncertainties). Mrk 1216 is consistent with the local black hole mass -stellar velocity dispersion relation, but is a factor of ∼5 − 10 larger than expectations from the black hole mass -bulge luminosity and black hole mass -bulge mass correlations when conservatively using the galaxy's total luminosity or stellar mass. This behavior is quite similar to the extensively studied compact galaxy NGC 1277. Resembling the z ∼ 2 quiescent galaxies, Mrk 1216 may be a passively evolved descendant, and perhaps reflects a previous era when galaxies contained over-massive black holes relative to their bulge luminosities/masses, and the growth of host galaxies had yet to catch up.

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“…Recently there have been some efforts to search for massive compact galaxies at low redshifts (Trujillo et al 2009;Taylor et al 2010;Valentinuzzi et al 2010;Shih & Stockton 2011;Trujillo et al 2012;Poggianti et al 2013a;Poggianti et al 2013b;Damjanov et al 2013Damjanov et al , 2014Damjanov et al , 2015aSaulder et al 2015) and investigate further their dynamical and stellar population properties, as well as the role of environment on their properties (e.g. Ferré-Mateu et al 2012;Läsker et al 2013;Ferré-Mateu et al 2015;Trujillo et al 2014;Yıldırım et al 2015;Damjanov et al 2015b;Stringer et al 2015;Wellons et al 2015a). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a census of supercompact massive galaxies in the Kilo Degree Survey

Tortora¹,

Barbera²,

Napolitano³

et al. 2016

Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.

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The abundance of compact, massive, early-type galaxies (ETGs) provides important constraints to galaxy formation scenarios. Thanks to the area covered, depth, excellent spatial resolution and seeing, the ESO Public optical Kilo Degree Survey (KiDS), carried out with the VLT Survey Telescope (VST), offers a unique opportunity to conduct a complete census of the most compact galaxies in the Universe. This paper presents a first census of such systems from the first 156 square degrees of KiDS. Our analysis relies on g-, r-, and i-band effective radii (R e ), derived by fitting galaxy images with PSF-convolved Sérsic models, high-quality photometric redshifts, z phot , estimated from machine learning techniques, and stellar masses, M ⋆ , calculated from KiDS aperture photometry. After massiveness (M ⋆ > ∼ 8 × 10 10 M ⊙ ) and compactness (R e ∼ < 1.5 kpc in g-, r-and ı-bands) criteria are applied, a visual inspection of the candidates plus near-infrared photometry from VIKING-DR1 are used to refine our sample. The final catalog, to be spectroscopically confirmed, consists of 92 systems in the redshift range z ∼ 0.2 − 0.7. This sample, which we expect to increase by a factor of ten over the total survey area, represents the first attempt to select massive super-compact ETGs (MSCGs) in KiDS. We investigate the impact of redshift systematics in the selection, finding that this seems to be a major source of contamination in our sample. A preliminary analysis shows that MSCGs exhibit negative internal colour gradients, consistent with a passive evolution of these systems. We find that the number density of MSCGs is only mildly consistent with predictions from simulations at z > 0.2, while no such system is found at z < 0.2.

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MRK 1216 and NGC 1277 – an orbit-based dynamical analysis of compact, high-velocity dispersion galaxies

Cited by 55 publications

References 150 publications

CALIFA, the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area survey

CALIFA, the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area survey

A Black Hole Mass Determination for the Compact Galaxy Mrk 1216

Towards a census of supercompact massive galaxies in the Kilo Degree Survey

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