mRNA expression profiles for corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF), urocortin, CRF receptors and CRF-binding protein in peripheral rat tissues

Baigent, S; Lowry, P. J.

doi:10.1677/jme.0.0250043

Cited by 98 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…We found CRF, CRFBP, and CRF-R transcripts in multiple organs as has also been reported in mammals, amphibians and teleosts (De Souza et al, 1991;Baigent and Lowry, 2000;Muramatsu et al, 2000;Kimura et al, 2002;Boorse and Denver, 2004;Huising et al, 2007). Since urocortin, a CRF-related peptide, can interact with CRF-R2 to protect the heart from ischemia in rats and humans (Baigent and Lowry, 2000;Kimura et al, 2002), it is particularly interesting that we also found CRF, CRFBP and CRF-R2 mRNA expressed in skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle in the teleost.…”

Section: Crf Systems Are Expressed In the Peripheral Tissuessupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Since urocortin, a CRF-related peptide, can interact with CRF-R2 to protect the heart from ischemia in rats and humans (Baigent and Lowry, 2000;Kimura et al, 2002), it is particularly interesting that we also found CRF, CRFBP and CRF-R2 mRNA expressed in skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle in the teleost. This suggests that the cardiac CRF system may mediate the adaptive response of the heart to stress in all vertebrates, from teleosts to mammals (Coste et al, 2002).…”

Section: Crf Systems Are Expressed In the Peripheral Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…As in mammals, the expression of both CRF-Rs in the spleen and the present of CRFBP and CRF-R2 in the liver provide additional evidence for a physiological role of CRF in coordinating the stress response, immune system, and energy homeostatic system (De Souza et al, 1991;Baigent and Lowry, 2000). The CRF system, especially CRF and CRF-R1, in the gastrointestinal tract locally influences intestinal mobility (Sehringer et al, 2004;Tache and Perdue, 2004), while the CRF system expressed in the kidney may be involved in metabolic function or cortisol regulation via the glucocorticoid-secreting interrenal cells (Wendelaar Bonga, 1997;Huising et al, 2007).…”

Section: Crf Systems Are Expressed In the Peripheral Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sequences, expression patterns and regulation of the corticotropin-releasing factor system in a teleost

Chen

Fernald

2008

General and Comparative Endocrinology

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Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is well known for its role in regulating the stress response in vertebrate species by controlling release of glucocorticoids. CRF also influences other physiological processes via two distinct CRF receptors (CRF-Rs) and is co-regulated by a CRF binding protein (CRFBP). Although CRF was first discovered in mammals, it is important for the regulation of the stress response, motor behavior, and appetite in all vertebrates. However, it is unclear how the actions of CRF, CRF-Rs and CRFBP are coordinated. To approach this problem, we cloned and identified CRF, CRF-Rs and CRFBP in a teleost fish model system, Astatotilapia burtoni and mapped their expression patterns in the body and brain. We found that CRF, CRFBP and CRF-Rs gene sequences are highly conserved across vertebrates, suggesting that the CRF system plays an essential role in survival. Members of the CRF system are expressed widely in the brain, retina, gill, spleen, muscle and kidney, thereby implicating them in a variety of bodily functions, including vision, respiration, digestion and movement. We also found that following long-term social stress, mRNA expression of CRF in the brain and CRF type 1 receptor in the pituitary decrease whereas CRFBP in the pituitary increases via a homeostatic mechanism.

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Section: Crf Systems Are Expressed In the Peripheral Tissuessupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Crf Systems Are Expressed In the Peripheral Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Crf Systems Are Expressed In the Peripheral Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sequences, expression patterns and regulation of the corticotropin-releasing factor system in a teleost

Chen

Fernald

2008

General and Comparative Endocrinology

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“…Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is a 41 amino acid neuropeptide that in mammals controls a wide range of physiological responses to physical and emotional stressors (e.g., Tsigos and Chrousos, 2002;Vale et al, 1981), including neuroendocrine and behavioral responses, inXammatory responses to immunological agents, and modulation of gastrointestinal (Baigent and Lowry, 2000) and cardiovascular activity (Parkes et al, 2001). Urocortin 1 (Ucn1) is a 40 amino acid peptide structurally related to CRF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of starvation on Fos and neuropeptide immunoreactivities in the brain and pituitary gland of Xenopus laevis

Calle

Kozicz

Linden

et al. 2006

General and Comparative Endocrinology

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In mammals complex interactions between various brain structures and neuropeptides such as corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and urocortin 1 (Ucn1) underlay the control of feeding by the brain. Recently, in the amphibian Xenopus laevis, CRF-and Ucn1-immunoreactivities were shown in the hypothalamic magnocellular nucleus (Mg) and evidence was obtained for their involvement in food intake. To gain a better understanding of the brain structures controlling feeding in X. laevis, the eVects of 16 weeks starvation on neurones immunoreactive (ir) to Fos and neuropeptides in various brain structures were quantiWed. In the Mg, compared to controls, starved animals showed fewer neurones immunopositive for Fos (¡55.9%), Ucn1 (¡44.0%), cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) (¡94.3%) and metenkephalin (ENK) (¡65.0%), whereas CRF-ir neurones were 2.1 times more numerous. These diVerences were mainly apparent in the ventral part of the Mg, followed by the medial and dorsal part of the nucleus. In the neural lobe of the pituitary gland a 22.5% lower optical density of CART-ir was observed. In the four other brain structures investigated, starvation had diVerent eVects. The dorsomedial part of the suprachiasmatic nucleus showed 5.9 times more NPY-ir cells and in the ventromedial thalamic area a lower number of NPY-ir cells (¡33.6%) was found, whereas the Edinger-Westphal nucleus contained fewer CART-ir cells (¡42.2%); no eVect of starvation was seen in the ventral hypothalamic nucleus. Our results support the hypothesis that in X. laevis, the Mg plays a pivotal role in feeding-related processes and, moreover, that starvation also has neuropeptide-and brain structure-speciWc eVects in other parts of the brain and in the pituitary gland, suggesting particular roles of these structures and their neuropeptides in physiological adaptation to starvation.

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“…I t is now well-established that corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) 4 and its related peptides affect the inflammatory response in a paracrine/autocrine manner (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). CRF acts as an ad hoc proinflammatory factor because blockade of its effect by specific anti-CRF serum or CRF antagonists attenuates the inflammatory response in several models of inflammation including that of carrageenin, turpentine, and Gram-negative bacterial LPS-induced inflammation (9 -11).…”

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confidence: 99%

Corticotropin-Releasing Factor and the Urocortins Induce the Expression of TLR4 in Macrophages via Activation of the Transcription Factors PU.1 and AP-1

Tsatsanis¹,

Androulidaki²,

Alissafi³

et al. 2006

The Journal of Immunology

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Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) augments LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine production from macrophages. The aim of the present study was to determine the mechanism by which CRF and its related peptides urocortins (UCN) 1 and 2 affect LPS-induced cytokine production. We examined their role on TLR4 expression, the signal-transducing receptor of LPS. For this purpose, the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 and primary murine peritoneal macrophages were used. Exposure of peritoneal macrophages and RAW 264.7 cells to CRF, UCN1, or UCN2 up-regulated TLR4 mRNA and protein levels. To study whether that effect occurred at the transcriptional level, RAW 264.7 cells were transfected with a construct containing the proximal region of the TLR4 promoter linked to the luciferase gene. CRF peptides induced activation of the TLR4 promoter, an effect abolished upon mutation of a proximal PU.1-binding consensus or upon mutation of an AP-1-binding element. Indeed, all three peptides promoted PU.1 binding to the proximal PU.1 site and increased DNA-binding activity to the AP-1 site. The effects of CRF peptides were inhibited by the CRF2 antagonist anti-sauvagine-30, but not by the CRF1 antagonist antalarmin, suggesting that CRF peptides mediated the up-regulation of TLR4 via the CRF2 receptor. Finally, CRF peptides blocked the inhibitory effect of LPS on TLR4 expression. In conclusion, our data suggest that CRF peptides play an important role on macrophage function. They augment the effect of LPS by inducing Tlr4 gene expression, through CRF2, via activation of the transcription factors PU.1 and AP-1.

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mRNA expression profiles for corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF), urocortin, CRF receptors and CRF-binding protein in peripheral rat tissues

Cited by 98 publications

References 40 publications

Sequences, expression patterns and regulation of the corticotropin-releasing factor system in a teleost

Sequences, expression patterns and regulation of the corticotropin-releasing factor system in a teleost

Effect of starvation on Fos and neuropeptide immunoreactivities in the brain and pituitary gland of Xenopus laevis

Corticotropin-Releasing Factor and the Urocortins Induce the Expression of TLR4 in Macrophages via Activation of the Transcription Factors PU.1 and AP-1

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