MTA Enhances the Potential of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Dentin–Pulp Complex Regeneration

Abstract

The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) on the proliferation and differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Ad-MSCs) as a surrogate cell source in futuristic stem-cell-based endodontic therapies. Human Ad-MSCs and mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow (BM-MSCs) were isolated from liposuction waste adipose tissue and femur, respectively, and the effects of MTA-conditioned media on their viability, mineralization potential, and osteo/odontogenic differentiation capacity were subsequently evaluated. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, quantitative alizarin red S staining, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses were performed to investigate and compare the osteo/odontogenic induction potential of MTA on the Ad/BM-MSCs. The results of cytotoxicity assay revealed that at different concentrations, MTA-conditioned medium was not only biocompatible toward both cell types, but also capable of promoting cell proliferation. ALP activity assay showed that 0.2 mg/mL was the optimal concentration of MTA-conditioned medium for osteo/odontogenic induction in Ad/BM-MSCs. The expression of osteo/odontogenic gene markers was increased in Ad/BM-MSCs treated with 0.2 mg/mL MTA-conditioned media. Our results indicated that MTA can efficiently enhance the osteo/odontogenic potential of Ad-MSCs, and thus they can be considered as a better cell source for dentin–pulp complex regeneration. However, further investigations are required to test these potentials in animal models.

Odontogenic Differentiation Potential Of Adipose Tissue Stem Cells In The Presence Of Odontogenic Stimuli Compared To Dental Pulp Stem Cells [An In-vitro Study].

“…However, many authors have studied the ability of ATSCs to differentiate into mineralizing cells for hard tissue regeneration such as bone [3] and dentine [24,32,33] . Some of these studies have revealed that ATSCs display an odontogenic potential in vitro [34] [35] , but the inductive stimulus required for odontogenic differentiation induction of ATSCs has not been fully explained.…”

Impact of Graphene Derivatives as Artificial Extracellular Matrices on Mesenchymal Stem Cells

“…Untreated cells were used as the positive control, while the treated ones with ice-cold methanol were used as the negative control. Finally, the fluorescence was measured using an excitation and emission wavelength at 530 nm and 580 nm, respectively [64,130]. The researchers also investigated the biocompatibility of GO and its impact on the proliferation of MSCs in the case of exposure at different alkaline environments [125,126].…”

“…Untreated cells were used as the positive control, while the treated ones with ice-cold methanol were used as the negative control. Finally, the fluorescence was measured using an excitation and emission wavelength at 530 nm and 580 nm, respectively [64,130].…”

“…Other methods have also been used to evaluate genotoxicity based on the determination of the RNA efflux. This is a comet assay which enables the detection of any DNA damage and other chromosomal aberrations, as well as the fluorescent labelling of rGONRs and cells [130,135].…”

“…The above-mentioned results have been completely approved in the literature, since extensive characterization of the MSCs incorporating graphene-based nanomaterials has been carried out using niche analytical techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Raman spectroscopy [130,135].…”