Mucilage from cladodes ofOpuntia spinuliferaSalm-Dyck: chemical, morphological, structural and thermal characterization

Abstract

The mucilage obtained from cladodes of Opuntia spinulifera has been used in industries and traditional applications. In the present work, the chemical, morphological, thermal and structural features of cladode mucilage from Opuntia spinulifera Salm-Dyck were studied. The 2D 1 H-1 H COSY NMR confirmed ten different residues within the repeating saccharide unit, six with α and four with β configurations. The FTIR showed the presence of galactose and pectins. The XRD detected minerals as calcium salts. The SEM exhibited aggregations and irregular morphology of the particles. The TGA registered the highest mass loss between 246-378°C and the DSC showed the transition state at 55.7°C and at 113.2°C was observed the typical endothermic peak, where it corresponds to the organic compound materials. Mucilago de cladodios de Opuntia spinulifera Salm-Dyck: caracterización química, morfológica, estructural y térmica RESUMEN El mucilago obtenido de cladodios de Opuntia spinulifera ha sido utilizado en varias industrias y en aplicaciones tradicionales. En el presente estudio, se estudiaron las características químicas, morfológicas, térmicas y estructurales del mucilago proveniente de cladodios de Opuntia spinulifera Salm-Dyck. La espectroscopía de correlación-resonancia magnética nuclear (EC-RMN) de 1 H-1 H en 2D confirmó la existencia de 10 residuos diferentes al interior del grupo sacárido que se repite, seis con configuraciones α y cuatro con configuraciones β. El espectrofotómetro de transformada de Fourier (FTIR) constató la presencia de galactosa y pectinas. La difracción de rayos X (DRX) detectó la existencia de minerales en forma de sales de calcio. La microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB) reveló la presencia de agregaciones, así como la morfología irregular de las partículas. El análisis termogravimétrico (ATG) registró la mayor pérdida de masa entre 246-378°C, mientras que la calorimetría diferencial de barrido (DSC) precisó que se produjo un estado de transición a los 55.7°C, observándose el pico endotérmico típico de los materiales orgánicos compuestos a los 113.2°C.

Solvent‐free mechanical extraction of Opuntia ficus‐indica mucilage

“…The NMR spectra confirmed the presence of arabinose, galactose, rhamnose, xylose, and galacturonic acid for the mucilage obtained in this work, regardless of the extraction process. The presence of these sugars was also reported by other authors besides the heteropolysaccharides are complex, highly branched and that contains up to 30,000 different sugars (Madera‐Santana et al, ; Matsuhiro et al, ; McGarvie & Parolis, ). Further work will focus on the quantitative content analysis since the chemical characterization of the mucilage has not been totally determined.…”

Effect of natural additives on concrete mechanical properties

“…The effect of these materials can be aborded from two points of view. The first one is related to the water retention capacity of the nopal mucilage, which results in a better watering effect that enhances the setting process and reduces the water-to-cement ratio, achieving higher strength values (Aquilina et al, 2018;El Azizi et al, 2019;Madera-Santana et al, 2018;Torres-Acosta & Díaz-Cruz, 2020). Moreover, the porosity and total void content are related to excess water or air trapping during the fabrication and setting process.…”

“…Nopal (Opuntia ficus Indica) is a plant cultivated for commercial and consumption purposes in Chile, Argentina, Morocco, Italy, and the USA; and it is, along with corn, a staple food in Mexico (Arreola-Nava et al, 2017;López-León et al, 2019;Martínez et al, 2018). Different nopal species have been studied to determine their chemical composition to understand its properties and applications (Aquilina et al, 2018;Carrillo et al, 2017;González-Sandoval et al, 2019;Madera-Santana et al, 2018).…”

“…In these cases, almost an increase of 75% of the compressive strength is achieved for an average substitution of 2%. However, the cladode's powders' obtention is more expensive than the obtention process of the mucilage extract, which could not be profitable for industrial applications (Aquilina et al, 2018;El Azizi et al, 2019;Madera-Santana et al, 2018).…”

Sopa de elote (Zea mays) tipo crema con mucílago de nopal (Opuntia spp.) como espesante, sus características físicas y aceptación sensorial

“…El comportamiento reofluidizante o pseudoplástico y de viscosidad del mucílago de las especies de Opuntia en suspensiones acuosas o salinas, dependiente de la concentración del polisacárido, es similar a la de algunas gomas, como xantana, de algarrobo, guar y otras, que se usan como agentes espesantes y para modificar la reología de los alimentos (López-Palacios et al, 2016;Solano, Alamilla, Maciel, Dávila & Jiménez, 2018). Actualmente, el mucílago extraído de especies del género Opuntia se usa en procesos industriales diversos (Madera-Santana et al, 2018).…”