“…The mucoadhesive formulations, administered by rectal (Choi, Oh, and Kim 1998;Ryu et al 1999;Yahagi, Onishi, and Machida 1999), vaginal (Lee and Chien 1996;Valenta et al 2001;Ceschel et al 2001a;Cevher, Sahin, and Araman 2002;Chang et al 2002;Chien and Lee 2002;El-Kamel et al 2002;Maggi et al 2000), oral (Takeuchi et al 2003), buccal (Shojaei, Zhou, and Li 1998;Alur et al 1999;Han et al 1999;Choi and Kim 2000;Shin, Bum, and Choi 2000;Ceschel, Maffei, and Lombardi 2001b;Perioli et al 2004), nasal (Ugwoke et al 1999;Yahagi et al 2000;Pavelic, SkalkoBasnet, and Schubert, 2001;Hasçiçek, Gönül, and Erk 2003;58 E. CEVHER ET AL. Sales et al 2003), and ocular (Yun et al 1999;Ceulemans et al 2001) routes, have been prepared by using polymers showing appropriate adhesiveness.…”