Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma of the Thyroid Gland: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Karvounis, Evangelos; Kappas, Ioannis; Angelousi, Anna; Makris, Georgios‐Marios; Kassi, Eva

doi:10.1159/000502204

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Thyroid MALT lymphomas, however, also have some distinctive features. They are among the very most indolent of the MALT lymphomas,1,10–12,28 and unlike other classic MALT lymphomas, they have very frequent and sometimes marked plasmacytic differentiation with IgG heavy chain expression 6,7. In addition, they are reported to have a distinctive mutational landscape, specifically a higher frequency of TNFRSF14 and TET2 mutations 26,27,29.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) of the thyroid is a rare neoplasm that often arises in a background of Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) 1,2. Although they share many features associated with MALT lymphomas in general,3–5 thyroid MALT lymphomas are known for their frequent IgG positivity (vs. IgM positivity in most MALT lymphomas),6,7 frequent and sometimes extensive plasmacytic differentiation,3–9 and very indolent clinical behavior 10–12.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Distinctive Nature of Thyroid MALT Lymphomas Including IRTA1 Expression

Carlsen

Davis

Cook

et al. 2022

American Journal of Surgical Pathology

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Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas often express IgM and IRTA1 with only a minority demonstrating plasmacytic differentiation. However, like primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoproliferative disorders (PCMZLPD), thyroid MALT lymphomas (T-MALT-L) frequently show plasmacytic differentiation and IgG positivity. Whether T-MALT-L share other features with PCMZLPD, including frequent IgG4 positivity and infrequent IRTA1 expression, and how IRTA1 staining compares to that in Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) are unknown. Therefore, the clinicopathologic features of 18 T-MALT-L were assessed, and their IRTA1 expression compared with that in 5 HT cases. All T-MALT-L cases included a B-lymphoid component. Plasmacytic differentiation was present in 15 cases and was extensive in 12. Fourteen cases were IgG+ including 2 IgG4+ (12 κ+, 2 κ−/λ−). One case was IgAλ+. Plasmacytic cells were uniformly CD19+/CD56− but CD138− in 7/15 cases. IRTA1+ cells were present in 16/16 cases, ranging from scattered cells to > 50%. They were often concentrated in "MALT ball"-type lymphoepithelial lesions, perifollicular regions, and sometimes in germinal centers. IRTA1 positivity was also present in all HT cases, although it was never very extensive and often had a perifollicular distribution, occasionally with sparse aggregates and positive cells within rare thyroid follicles. Thus, T-MALT-L share some features with PCMZLPD but are more similar to noncutaneous MALT lymphomas, with prominent lymphoepithelial lesions, ubiquitous although variable IRTA1 positivity, and infrequent IgG4 positivity. Plasmacytic differentiation is also common although CD138 loss is frequent and light chain staining may be absent. IRTA1 staining may help in the differential diagnosis with HT, although there is some overlap in staining patterns.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Distinctive Nature of Thyroid MALT Lymphomas Including IRTA1 Expression

Carlsen

Davis

Cook

et al. 2022

American Journal of Surgical Pathology

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“…Thyroid MALT lymphoma is an adverse event associated with the long-term disease status of CAT. In a study that included 34 cases of primary thyroid MALT lymphoma, 72% of the patients had CAT [32]. In a study involving 80 cases of MALT lymphoma, the CAT detection rate was 16%.…”

Section: Autoimmune Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Primary hepatic mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma with HP and previous HBV infection: A case report and literature review

Liu

Cao

Pang

et al. 2022

Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy

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“…Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type is characterized by morphologically heterogenous B-cells and may be encountered in 0.5% of patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis. [ 3 - 5 ] It is postulated to occur as a response to autoimmune processes, such as in patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis and patients with Helicobacter pylori infection. [ 6 ] FNA would show thyroid follicular atrophy with Hurthle cell changes and follicular cells with lymphocytic infiltration as lymphoepithelial structures [ 7 ] which were not detected in the current case (option C).…”

Section: Questionmentioning

confidence: 99%