Mucosal T‐cell phenotypes in persistent atopic and nonatopic rhinitis show an association with mast cells

Powe, Desmond G.; Huskisson, R. S.; Carney, A. Simon; Jenkins, David; McEuen, Alan R.; Walls, Andrew F.; Jones, Nicholas S.

doi:10.1046/j.1398-9995.2003.00315.x

Cited by 60 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Serum eosinophil levels were higher in the patient group but the average level of eosinophils was under 4%. In the literature it was noticed that mast cells, eosinophils, IgE and T cells were higher in the nasal mucosa of patients with LAR [11]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relevance of Nasal Provocation Testing in Children with Nonallergic Rhinitis

Duman

Bostancı

Özmen

et al. 2016

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Background: It is important to understand that allergic rhinitis, whether seasonal or perennial, may be difficult to distinguish clinically from the nonallergic forms of rhinitis. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the presence of local allergic rhinitis (LAR) in children who have allergic rhinitis symptoms in the absence of skin test positivity and specific IgE by performing a nasal provocation test (NPT). Methods: Our study followed a case-controlled, prospective design. Twenty-eight patients and 30 healthy children were included in the study in a pollen-free season. The NPTs with a grass mix, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DP) and D. farinae (DF) allergens were performed with an interval of 1 week. The total symptom score and visual analog scale, nasal eosinophilia and pulmonary function tests were evaluated before and after each NPT. The change to nasal flow and resistance was recorded by anterior rhinomanometry. Results: The symptom frequencies before the NPTs were as follows: nasal congestion 100%; itching 82.1%; rhinorrhea 75% and sneezing 71.4%. The NPT was positive in 7 (25%) patients. In the NPT-positive group there was a statistically significant decrease in nasal flow at the concentrations of 10 and 100 IR/ml for DF (p = 0.026, p = 0.031, respectively). In the NPT-positive group total nasal resistance for DP was increased at the concentrations of 0.1 and 10 IR/ml, and for DF at 10 and 100 IR/ml (p = 0.049, p = 0.041, p = 0.022, p = 0.035, respectively). Conclusions: We emphasize that the diagnosis of LAR should be taken into consideration by pediatricians and pediatric allergy specialists.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relevance of Nasal Provocation Testing in Children with Nonallergic Rhinitis

Duman

Bostancı

Özmen

et al. 2016

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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“…However, less is known about biopsies in NAR (11,26,98,99) although histological findings in NAR show a strong interaction between infiltrating mononuclear cells and the mucosal epithelium (100). Nasal biopsies of patients with allergic and NAR should be compared to assess the cell types involved.…”

Section: Mechanisms: Inflammatory Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, apoptosis and its mechanisms are key elements in understanding the persistence of inflammatory cells in allergic and NAR (101). The T cell-mediated regulation of NAR should be investigated and compared with allergic rhinitis (98). The following experiments may be useful in exploring the nature of NAR.…”

Section: Mechanisms: Inflammatory Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Important research questions in allergy and related diseases: nonallergic rhinitis: a GA²LEN paper

Bousquet

Fokkens

Burney

et al. 2008

Allergy

170

148

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Important research questions in allergy and related diseases: nonallergic rhinitis: a GA 2 LEN paper Nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) can be defined as a chronic nasal inflammation which is not caused by systemic IgE-dependent mechanisms. It is common and probably affects far more than 200 million people worldwide. Both children and adults are affected. However, its exact prevalence is unknown and its phenotypes need to be evaluated using appropriate methods to better understand its pathophysiology, diagnosis and management. It is important to differentiate between infectious rhinitis, allergic/NAR and chronic rhinosinusitis, as management differs for each of these cases. Characterization of the phenotype, mechanisms and management of NAR represents one of the major unmet needs in allergic and nonallergic diseases. Studies on children and adults are required in order to appreciate the prevalence, phenotype, severity and co-morbidities of NAR. These studies should compare allergic and NAR and consider different age group populations including elderly subjects. Mechanistic studies should be carried out to better understand the disease(s) and risk factors and to guide towards an improved diagnosis and therapy. These studies need to take the heterogeneity of NAR into account. It is likely that neuronal mechanisms, T cells, innate immunity and possibly auto-immune responses all play a role in NAR and may also contribute to the symptoms of allergic rhinitis.

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“…Thus the term entopy was used to indicate an allergy confined to the nasal mucosa, in the absence of the evidence of systemic sensitization. Subsequently, in 2004, the strict immunological interaction between T lymphocytes and mast cells in entopy were described [17,18]. Other authors, evaluating relatively large groups of patients, introduced the term of "local allergic rhinitis" (LAR), to describe the isolated presence of specific IgE in the nasal mucosa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LOCAL Allergic Rhinitis: Entopy or Spontaneous Response?

Gelardi

Guglielmi

Iannuzzi

et al. 2016

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

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Background: The existence of a local allergic rhintis was proposed on the basis of the detection of nasal IgE in the absence of a systemic sensitization. Nevertheless, the significance of this phenomenon remains still unclear.We assessed the presence of mucosal nasal IgE in patients with ascertained allergic rhinitis, nonallergic rhinitis with inflammation and in healthy controls. Methods: Consecutive patients with a well ascertained diagnosis (clinical history, skin prick test, specific IgE assay, nasal endoscopy, nasal cytology) underwent an immunoenzymatic measurement of specific IgE to grass, cypress, parietaria and olive in nasal scrapings.

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Mucosal T‐cell phenotypes in persistent atopic and nonatopic rhinitis show an association with mast cells

Cited by 60 publications

References 40 publications

The Relevance of Nasal Provocation Testing in Children with Nonallergic Rhinitis

The Relevance of Nasal Provocation Testing in Children with Nonallergic Rhinitis

Important research questions in allergy and related diseases: nonallergic rhinitis: a GA²LEN paper

LOCAL Allergic Rhinitis: Entopy or Spontaneous Response?

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Mucosal T‐cell phenotypes in persistent atopic and nonatopic rhinitis show an association with mast cells

Cited by 60 publications

References 40 publications

The Relevance of Nasal Provocation Testing in Children with Nonallergic Rhinitis

The Relevance of Nasal Provocation Testing in Children with Nonallergic Rhinitis

Important research questions in allergy and related diseases: nonallergic rhinitis: a GA2LEN paper

LOCAL Allergic Rhinitis: Entopy or Spontaneous Response?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Important research questions in allergy and related diseases: nonallergic rhinitis: a GA²LEN paper