“…Similarly, mulberry leaves have also shown promising biological effects (Jeszka-Skowron et al, 2014;Wu et al, 2013). Previous studies have shown the anti-hyperlipidemic, anticancer, liver-protecting, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity effects of mulberry water extracts (Hsu et al, 2012;Jeong, Jang, Kim, Kwon, & Kim, 2010;Ou et al, 2011Ou et al, , 2013Park, Lee, & Kim, 2013;Peng et al, 2011) as well as their ability to inhibit the development of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits (Chen et al, 2005). Because atherosclerosis and restenosis are complex and multifactorial processes, our aim was to identify the active polyphenols in mulberry polyphenol extracts (MPEs) and investigate the mechanisms underlying their inhibition of VSMCs proliferation and thereby atherosclerosis.…”