“…Then, some of them developed steering control strategies or controllers based on these three-axle models, such as the linear quadratic regulator technique with integral control (Chen et al, 2007), desired yaw rate (An et al, 2008), and the model-following variable structure (Qu et al, 2008), were analogous to the techniques of the two-axle vehicle. To further improve vehicle stability and manoeuvrability, Shen et al (2016) developed a direct yaw moment control method based on an 8-axle vehicle with 16-independent driving wheels. Moreover, various scholars have constructed various other general models for multi-axle vehicles and analysed their dynamic characteristics.…”