Multi-Band Antenna Array Based on Double Negative Metamaterial for Multi Automotive Applications

Abstract

Abstract-This paper presents a design of multi-band array antenna based on Double Negative Metamaterial (DNM) unit cells for multi-automotive applications. The antenna consists of 4 × 4 rectangular and circular radiating patches connected in series using microstrip lines and fed by a 50 Ω corporate microstrip line. An array of 4×6 wire loaded complementary spiral resonator (CSR) unit cells is placed on its reverse side to provide miniaturization and multiband features to the proposed design. The reflection coefficient (S 11 ), mutual coupling, effective diversity gain (EDG), envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), and radiation patterns are evaluated for four elements of the proposed antenna placed in four different locations on the car body model. Simulations and measurements indicated that the proposed antenna features a low mutual coupling (< −34 dB), low ECC (< 0.01), high EDG (> 9.995), high efficiency (72%-95%), and low on-car detuning over the desired five bands; 1.99 GHz to 3.03 GHz, 5.15 GHz to 6.369 GHz, 7.67 GHz to 7.99 GHz, 9.91 GHz to 10.23 GHz, and 11.79 GHz to 12.2 GHz. The performance of ECC between four antennas on car body has been investigated in different cases of isotropic, indoor, and outdoor. The metallic effect on antennas performance also has been investigated by evaluating the mutual coupling and transmission coefficient between two antennas served as transmitter and receiver with presence of car body. The results show transmission coefficient of proposed DNM antenna with metallic presence almost identical to free space across desired frequency bands. With all capabilities mentioned the antenna has potential for WiFi/WiMAX, Vehicleto-Vehicle (V2V), transportable earth exploration satellite, military requirement for land vehicles, and earth stations on vessels applications.

Study and Design a Novel Adaptive Array Antenna for a RFID Applications

“…Return loss (dB) Table 2 shows the comparison of this work with other published works. The antenna feed network proposed remains identical to that presented in both literature with an improvement in size compared to that presented in [8] and a slight improvement of the gain compared to that presented in [7]. -39 -21.5 -30…”

“…The power supply controls the amplitudes and relative phases of these sources and creates the type of linear or flat array antenna [5], [6]. There are two ways to power a linear array, either in series [7] or parallel [8]- [10].…”

A dual-band high gain complementary splitring resonator (CSRR) loaded hexagonal bowtie antenna with enhanced bandwidth for Vehicleto- Vehicle (V2V) communication applications

“…In this era, flat patch antennas with a suitable metal combination are highly desirable by the automotive industry covering high-frequency applications for V2V communication operating at a band of 5-6 GHz. We refer few of the efforts [43][44][45], where the reader can explore more from these texts. In [43] two complementary metamaterial resonators square patches were added to a rectangular patch antenna to optimize performance with a gain of 18.53 dB.…”

Wide-Band Log-Periodic Microstrip Antenna With Defected Ground Structure for C-Band Applications

“…Research in the area of microstrip antennas is advancing due to their thin planar profile, ease of surface mounting on missiles and aircrafts [1,2], ease of fabrication process [3][4][5], and ease of integrating the antenna on the same printed board with other components, especially in mobile radio communication devices [6][7][8]. The most common type of microstrip antenna is three-layered patch antenna with square [9], circular [10], rectangular [11,12], elliptical [7,8], or any other shaped patch [13] with matched feed line on the top, middle dielectric layer separating the bottom ground plane from the top layer. The antennas with microstrip patches can find applications in GPS [10,14,15], mobile devices [7,8,[11][12][13]17], WLAN [5,11,[13][14][15][16], and WiMax [5,13,15,16].…”