Multi-Band, Wide-Beam, Circularly Polarized, Crossed, Asymmetrically Barbed Dipole Antennas for GPS Applications

Compact Wide-Beam Circularly Polarized Antenna With Stepped Arc-Shaped Arms for CNSS Application

“…Using two pairs of radiators in square contour, 3 dB AR beamwidths of 126 • [13] and 175 • [14] are obtained, respectively. However, gains in [9][10][11][12][13][14] at 5 • elevation angle are all less than −3 dBic. In order to improve the gain at low elevation angle, some techniques have been put forward in [1,[15][16][17].…”

“…Some improved crossed dipoles are studied to broaden the beamwidth. Antennas in [8][9][10] have beamwidths of 180 • , 170 • , and 160 • , respectively. However, these antennas are bulky because they use power divider [8] and metallic cavities [9,10].…”

“…Antennas in [8][9][10] have beamwidths of 180 • , 170 • , and 160 • , respectively. However, these antennas are bulky because they use power divider [8] and metallic cavities [9,10]. Besides, microstrip antennas with a three-dimensional square ground [11] and four unequal circular patches integrated symmetrically onto corners [12] are proposed, whose 3-dB AR beamwidths are improved up to 113 • and 180 • , respectively.…”

Compact Crossed-Dipole Antennas Loaded With Near-Field Resonant Parasitic Elements

“…A crossed-dipole antenna is a common, modern antenna used to produce CP radiation [12]. Recently, some advances in the design of single-feed crossed-dipole antennas, such as their miniaturization and multi-band operation, were reported [13]- [16]. Miniaturization was realized with the inclusion of a meander line sections and arrowhead-shaped terminations of each dipole arm.…”

“…To achieve multi-band operation, each dipole arm was divided into multiple branches with different lengths to obtain the requisite set of multiple resonances. However, to realize these multi-frequencies with a small frequency ratio, e.g., to obtain the global positioning system (GPS) L5 (1.17645 GHz) and L2 (1.2276 GHz) frequencies, one had to face undesired couplings between their crossed multi-branched dipoles [16]. These couplings reduced the RE values and caused a shift in the desired resonance frequency.…”