Multi-center, Multi-topic Heart Sound Databases and their Applications

Abstract

This paper describes a large resource of multi-center and multi-topic heart sound databases, which were based on the measured data from more than 9,000 heart sound samples (saved in WAV file format). According to different research topics, these samples were respectively stored in different folders (corresponding to different research topics and distributed over various cooperative research centers), most of which as subfolds were stored in a pooled folder in the principal center. According to different research topics, the measured data from these samples were used to create different databases. Relevant data for a specific topic can be pooled in a large database for further analysis. This resource is shared by members of related centers for their own specific topic. The applications of this resource include evaluation of cardiac safety of pregnant women, evaluation of cardiac reserve for children, athletes, addicts, astronauts, and general populations, as well as studies on a bedside method for evaluating cardiac energy, reversal of S1-S2 ratio, etc.

Using phonocardiography to investigate maternal cardiac reserve function in gestational hypertension and pre‐eclampsia

“…Both S1/S2 and D/S are thus markers of cardiac reserve function. Being relative values, the ratios are more important, since absolute values are affected by factors such as chest wall thickness, which varies between study participants, 11 and the pressure applied by the operator to hold the sensor.…”

“…The first heart sound reflects left ventricular pressure and the second heart sound reflects peripheral vascular resistance 11 . Large S1 and S2 values indicate that there is more strain on the left ventricle.…”

“…Recent multi‐center data in China reported by Xie et al . indicated that the cardiac function of pregnant woman with hypertension is reduced, compared to that of normotensive pregnant women 11 . It is reasonable to predict the clinical importance of the investigation of maternal cardiac function to pregnant woman with pre‐eclampsia.…”

“…A connection between heart sounds and cardiac contractility was first described as early as 1989 11 . Xiao et al .…”

“…We followed on from their findings and used the same technique as used in their study to investigate the cardiac reserve function of pregnant women with hypertension in our obstetrics department 11 …”