Multi-class, Multi-residue Analysis of 59 Veterinary Drugs in Livestock Products for Screening and Quantification Using Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

BACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to develop a comprehensive and simple method for the simultaneous determination of 59 veterinary drug residues in livestock products for safety management. METHODS AND RESULTS: For sample preparation, we used a modified liquid extraction method, according to which the sample was extracted with 80% acetonitrile followed by incubation at -20℃ for 30 min. After centrifugation, an aliquot of the extract was evaporated to dryness at 40℃ and analyzed using liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry. The method was validated at three concentration levels for beef, pork, chicken, egg, and milk in accordance with the Codex Alimentarius Commission/Guidelines 71-2009. Quantitative analysis was performed using a matrix-matched calibration. As a results, at least 52 (77.6%) out of 66 com-pounds showed the proper method validation results in terms of both recovery of the target compound and coefficient of variation required by Codex guidelines in livestock products. The limit of quantitation of the method ranged from 0.2 to 1119.6 ng g-1 for all matrices. CONCLUSION(S): This method was accurate, effective, and comprehensive for 59 veterinary drugs determination in livestock products, and can be used to investigate veterinary drugs from different chemical families for safety management in livestock products.

Validation of a Method Based on Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Multiclass Screening and Analysis of 59 Veterinary Drugs in Fishery Foods

“…Sample preparation and analysis were performed according to the method reported by Kim et al (2022). A homogenized sample (2 g) was prepared in a 50 mL centrifuge tube followed by the addition of 10 mL water:acetonitrile (1:4, v/v).…”

“…Moreover, MFDS has divided VDs into two groups: groups 1 and 2 corresponding to 84 and 73 VDs, respectively, and developed an analytical method for them (MFDS, 2023). Furthermore, recently, methods for the detection of 59 VDs in 5 livestock products (that is, beef, pork, chicken, egg, and milk) have been established, and the levels of 77.6% VDs met the Codex guidelines (Codex Alimentarius Commission, 2009; Kim et al, 2022). The existing two-group method has been validated for shery foods; however, a recent analytical method developed by Kim et al (2022) for 59 VDs has not been applied to shery foods.…”

“…Furthermore, recently, methods for the detection of 59 VDs in 5 livestock products (that is, beef, pork, chicken, egg, and milk) have been established, and the levels of 77.6% VDs met the Codex guidelines (Codex Alimentarius Commission, 2009; Kim et al, 2022). The existing two-group method has been validated for shery foods; however, a recent analytical method developed by Kim et al (2022) for 59 VDs has not been applied to shery foods. Therefore, verifying the applicability of this method to shery foods via method validation is necessary.…”

“…Herein, the applicability of the abovementioned method to shery foods was con rmed. A multiclass screening and analytical method for VDs was established for PLS introduction by validating the applicability of the method reported by Kim et al (2022) to three shery foods (namely, at sh, eel, and shrimp). The accuracy, precision, and detection limits of the abovementioned method were in agreement with the Codex guidelines, and the target VDs are presented in Table 1.…”

UHPLC-ToF-MS as a High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Tool for Veterinary Drug Quantification in Milk

“…The validation process allows for the verification that a method is suitable to be used as a quality control tool and is an essential step in developing a method either as screening or confirmatory, qualitative or quantitative. It is important to emphasize that even though some literature presents multi-detection methods for a large number of veterinary drugs, not all provide a complete validation in accordance with the European Regulations for veterinary drug residue analysis [44,47]. The current method, with an extraction procedure based on a previous study [34], provides improvement mainly on the number of compounds analyzed.…”