Multi-Cycle Cesium Ion Exchange Testing Using Spherical Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Resin with Diluted Hanford Tank Waste 241-AP-105

Fiskum, Sandra K.; Allred, Jarrod R.; Colburn, Heather A.; Rovira, Amy M.; Smoot, Margaret R.; Peterson, Reid A.

doi:10.2172/1511057

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The reason for these aberrations is not clear. In contrast, breakthrough profiles measured with spherical resorcinol formaldehyde resin were smooth, allowing for simple interpolation between data points and backward and forward extrapolations (Fiskum et al 2018). The feed displacement following 5.6 M Na simple simulant feed was shown to simply extend the lag column Cs breakthrough profile, as would be expected because the feed displacement pushes out the 5.6 M Na simple simulant feed existing in the system.…”

Section: Cs Load Feed Displacement and Water Rinse Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Cesium Ion Exchange Using Crystalline Silicotitanate with 5.6 M Sodium Simulant

Fiskum

Colburn

Peterson

et al. 2018

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The predicted 50% Cs breakthrough determined from batch contact results agreed within 10% of the column results. The capacity determined from batch contact testing agreed with column testing within 7%. It is not possible to equate the batch contact results to understanding the number of BVs that can be processed before reaching the contract limit for Cs from the lag column, as this depends on the slope of the load curve/mass transfer zone. v Acronyms and Abbreviations ASO Analytical Support Operations ASR Analytical Service Request BV bed volume CST crystalline silicotitanate DI deionized DSSF double-shell slurry feed FMI Fluid Metering, Inc.

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Section: Cs Load Feed Displacement and Water Rinse Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Cesium Ion Exchange Using Crystalline Silicotitanate with 5.6 M Sodium Simulant

Fiskum

Colburn

Peterson

et al. 2018

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“…The reason for these aberrations was not clear. In contrast, breakthrough profiles measured with spherical resorcinol-formaldehyde resin were smooth, allowing for simple interpolation between data points and backward and forward extrapolations (Fiskum et al 2018b). Samples were targeted from peak "bumpy" regions for filtration and re-analysis by GEA to assess if fines carrying Cs might be associated with them.…”

Section: Cs Load Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cesium Removal from Tank Waste Simulants Using Crystalline Silicotitanate at 12% and 100% TSCR Bed Heights

Fiskum¹,

Rovira²,

Allred³

et al. 2019

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Executive SummaryThe Direct Feed Low-Activity Waste flowsheet provides for the early production of immobilized lowactivity waste (LAW) by feeding waste directly from Hanford tank farms to the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) for vitrification. Prior to the transfer of feed to the WTP LAW Vitrification Facility, tank waste supernatant will be pretreated by the Tank Side Cesium Removal (TSCR) system to meet the WTP LAW waste acceptance criteria (<3.18E-5 Ci 137 Cs/mole of Na). This pretreatment will remove cesium from the waste stream using ion exchange (IX). The selected media for IX is crystalline silicotitanate (CST), product number UOP-IONSIV-R9140-B, manufactured by Honeywell UOP LLC (Des Plaines, IL).Testing was requested by Washington River Protection Solutions to better define IX processing using Low-Activity Waste Pretreatment System (LAWPS) prototypic IX unit operation process steps at full height and medium height. The information is intended to significantly contribute towards establishing accurate process flowsheets for the individual feed campaigns planned for the LAWPS.Column testing at both the medium (12% of the full bed height) and full height scales was conducted to evaluate process variables and scale up performance of Cs exchange onto the CST, Lot 8056202-999. Nominal process conditions used 5.6 M Na simulant processed at 1.8 bed volumes per hour (BV/h) at 20 °C. Process variables included 1) increased process temperature to 35 °C, 2) increased Na concentration to 6.0 M, 3) added organics to the 5.6 M Na simulant, and 4) flowrate changes. The medium scale tests used single columns containing 44 mL of <25 mesh CST in a 1.44 cm diameter column, 27 cm tall CST bed. The full height columns used lead/lag columns containing 1.15 L unsieved (as-received) CST in 2.54-cm-diameter columns, 226 cm tall CST beds. Two process flowrates were tested at the full height: 1.30 and 1.82 BV/h. IX testing with simulant solutions was conducted using TSCR prototypic IX unit operations: feed processing, feed displacement with 0.1 M NaOH, water rinse, and solution expulsion with compressed air. Figure ES.1 shows the effect of variable process parameters on the Cs load profile from the medium height column testing. Increased residence time was shown to improve Cs load performance. The Cs loading was sensitive to increased temperature; a 15 °C rise in temperature reduced the effective Cs load capacity at the equilibrium Cs feed condition 31% and dropped the BVs processed to contract limit 30%. Added organics had a marginal effect on the Cs load profile up to the 450 BVs tested with a 15% reduction in BVs processed to the contract limit. Increasing Na concentration to 6.0 M had a marginal adverse effect on the Cs load profile where the percentage of BVs processed to the contract limit was reduced by 15%. Figure ES.2 shows the load profiles for the full height column tests; processing at slower flowrate showed slightly improved exchange performance. Figure ES.3 compares the medium to full height ...

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“…The initial waste received at the Radiochemical Processing Laboratory (RPL) was from tank 241-AP-105 (hereafter called AP-105). The AP-105 waste was filtered for the removal of solids (Geeting et al 2018a), it underwent ion exchange for the removal of cesium (Fiskum et al 2018), had GFCs added and was vitrified in a continuous laboratory-scale melter (CLSM) (Dixon et al 2018), and the condensate produced from vitrification was concentrated and converted to a non-glass waste form based on Cast Stone (Cantrell et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitrification of Hanford Tank Waste 241-AP-107 in a Continuous Laboratory-Scale Melter

Dixon

Stewart

Venarsky

et al. 2019

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Low-activity waste (LAW) stored in underground tanks on the Hanford Site in Washington State is planned to be filtered for solids removal and processed through ion exchange columns for cesium removal. These pretreatment steps will allow the waste to be transferred to the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant's LAW Facility for immobilization into glass. The liquid waste will be combined with glass-forming chemicals (GFCs) to form a waste feed slurry that can be fed to electric melters for vitrification. The process of continuously converting the aqueous feed slurry into a melt is dynamic and includes multiple reactions, degassing, and dissolution processes that depend on heat from the melt below. In this conversion process, waste components are partitioned into one of two streams: glass and off-gas. Washington River Protection Solutions has requested processing information and chemical information associated with these waste products for actual waste from Hanford tank 241-AP-107 (referred to herein as AP-107). To acquire this type of information, a small-scale melter system was designed that would not require high volumes of input waste or the large resource commitment of a full-scale melter system, while also providing dynamic information that would be difficult to determine from batch reactions in a crucible system. A continuous laboratory-scale melter (CLSM) has been designed to operate with a continuous feeding process while periodically pouring glass product and collecting off-gas. The CLSM vessel has been sized to collect the relevant process and chemical information from obtainable volumes of AP-107 waste samples. A total 8.6 L of actual AP-107 tank waste were received after filtering for solids removal and ion exchange for cesium removal. This volume of AP-107 waste was mixed with GFCs to form an estimated 11.8 L of melter feed slurry. A mass of 7.01 kg of glass product were poured from the CLSM vessel during 10.07 hours of charging the AP-107 melter feed, indicating that about 15.0 kg of melter feed was vitrified into glass. These production values and other processing results from the AP-107 waste vitrification in the CLSM system are shown in Table ES.1. The CLSM system was also designed with the capability to fully divert the flow of off-gas produced in the CLSM vessel to a sampling line that could capture the volatile species of interest, such as technetium-99 (99 Tc). This novel sampling system avoided the difficulties of slipstream sampling and could be activated once the feeding reached a steady state within the CLSM vessel. Off-gas product samples captured via high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters using this method, as well as selected glass product samples were sent to an analytical lab for chemical analysis. The calculated average retention of 99 Tc (mass of 99 Tc output in the glass per mass of 99 Tc input in the melter feed) during the off-gas sampling is shown in Table ES.1. The measured composition of the AP-107 glass product, compared to the target composition, is s...

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Multi-Cycle Cesium Ion Exchange Testing Using Spherical Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Resin with Diluted Hanford Tank Waste 241-AP-105

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Cesium Ion Exchange Using Crystalline Silicotitanate with 5.6 M Sodium Simulant

Cesium Ion Exchange Using Crystalline Silicotitanate with 5.6 M Sodium Simulant

Cesium Removal from Tank Waste Simulants Using Crystalline Silicotitanate at 12% and 100% TSCR Bed Heights

Vitrification of Hanford Tank Waste 241-AP-107 in a Continuous Laboratory-Scale Melter

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