Multi-drug resistance and extended spectrum beta lactamase producing Gram negative bacteria from chicken meat in Bharatpur Metropolitan, Nepal

Abstract

ObjectiveMultidrug resistance (MDR) and extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producer Gram negative bacteria are considered as a major health problem, globally. ESBL enzyme hydrolyses the beta lactam ring of third generation cephalosporins, which alters the structure of the antibiotic. Due to the modification in structure of the antibiotic, bacteria show resistance to these antibiotics. Resistant bacterial strains are transmitted to humans from animals through consumption of uncooked meat, through contact with uncooked meat and meat surfaces. This study aims to assess bacteriological profile and analyze the situation of antibiotic resistance, multidrug resistance, and ESBL producing Gram negative bacteria in chicken meat.ResultsA total of 38 chicken meat samples were studied in which 103 Gram negative bacteria were isolated. Species of Gram negative bacteria were identified as Citrobacter spp. (44.7%), Salmonella spp. (26.2%), Proteus spp. (18.4%), Escherichia coli (4.8%), Shigella spp. (3.9%), Pseudomonas spp. (1.9%), and Klebsiella spp. (1.0%). The prevalence of MDR isolates was found to be 79.6%. Total ESBL producer was 36.9% and ESBL producer among MDR was 34.9%. This concludes wide range of antibiotic resistance bacteria is prevalent in raw chicken meat.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-017-2917-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Gram-Negative Bacterial Isolates from Raw Chicken Meat Samples

“…Percentage of Proteus spp. isolates were more similar to study by Shrestha et al (2017) Klebsiella spp had least occurrence as compared to other isolates i.e.7 (8.64%), which is very less as compared to the result shown (Kim et al 2005) in Oklahoma which is 30% but similar to Al-Mutairi 2011 (10.66%). Klebsiella spp is a colonizing opportunistic pathogen of humans and animals, and a common contaminant of retail meat (Kim et al 2005).…”

“…About 41 % (33) isolates were Pseudomonas spp. which is much higher than 1.9% reported (Shrestha et al 2017) basic guidelines regarding meat (Almuzara et al 2010 andSeok et al 2010).…”

“…Though rarely, these resistant bacteria may colonize in the human gastrointestinal tract and may also transfer resistance bacteria to human endogenous fl ora (Reza et al 2014). However, the rate of MDR for all the isolates was nil whereas, 79.6% prevalence of MDR bacteria was found in chicken meat in Bharatpur (Shrestha et al 2017).…”

Functional and Comparative Genomics of Niche-Specific Adapted ActinomycetesKocuria rhizophilaStrain D2 Isolated from Healthy Human Gut

“…Most of the strains under study did not harbour any antibiotic resistance gene except strain RF possessing beta-lactamase, indicating its multi-drug resistance to antibiotics such as penicillins, cephalosporins, cephamycins, and carbapenems (39, 40). No virulence genes could be identified in any strains and genes responsible for survival in GIT can be only found in strains P7-4 and D2 as these are the only gut isolates.…”

Multi-drug Resistant (MDR) and Extended Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) Producing Salmonella species isolated from fresh chicken liver samples

“…Poultry products have always topped the incidence of salmonellosis in India, Egypt, Brazil, Zimbabwe, Nepal and other developing countries [7] [8] and are the most seriously perceived food risks in chicken meat, even in the developed countries [9]. The incidence of human salmonellosis has increased greatly over the past 20 years and this can mostly be attributed to epidemics of S. enteritidis in poultry in numerous countries [10] [11].…”