Multi-Element (C, N, H, O) Stable Isotope Ratio Analysis for Determining the Geographical Origin of Pure Milk from Different Regions

Abstract

In order to identify the geographical origin of pure milk, different proteins and milk water were extracted from pure milk originated from Australia and New Zealand, Germany and France, the USA, and China. Then, δ 13 C and δ 15 N values of the extracted proteins and δ 2 H and δ 18 O values of milk water were determined by element analyzer-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA-IRMS). The results indicated that pure milk from these regions could be potentially discriminated by using analyte δ 13 C, δ 15 N, δ 2 H, and δ 18 O. The P value analysis of them was highly significant (P<0.01) considering the origins. 3D distribution of δ 13 C, δ 15 N, δ 2 H, and δ 18 O can also clearly present regional concentration phenomena according to the regions of pure milk. Therefore, it can be concluded that δ 13 C, δ 15 N, δ 2 H, and δ 18 O analysis could potentially be rapid and routine for origin discrimination of pure milk.

Multiangle discrimination of geographical origin of rice based on analysis of mineral elements and characteristic volatile components

“…Therefore, the establishment of appropriate analytical methods to ensure geographical origin could play a key role in the verification system of food safety, which can effectively improve the government's regulatory capacity, facilitates the implementation of the policy to ensure food security and contributes to consumer confidence in the product quality (Chen et al ., ). Generally, it is widely acceptable to employ mineral elements and stable isotope for discrimination of geographical origin of food (Potortì et al ., ; Luo et al ., ,b) . The element analysers including inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP‐AES), ICP‐MS and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) are widely applied (Benincasa et al ., ; Li et al ., ).…”

“…The rice of northeast and south regions of Thailand has obtained a 93.8% of overall correct classification and 91.1% of cross‐validation based on Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, P and Zn for the classification of geographical origin using ICP‐MS and LDA (Promchan et al ., ). Moreover, the pure milk from Australia, New Zealand, Germany, France, the USA and China could be potentially discriminated by the analysis of δ 13 C, δ 15 N, δ 2 H and δ 18 O using IRMS (Luo et al ., ,b).…”

“…The published studies showed that the origin discrimination of rice based on one factor (mineral elements or volatile components) do not comprehensively reflect the attribute of the products (Gonzálvez et al ., ; Zhou & Wang, ,b; Promchan et al ., ). Furthermore, IRMS analysis for food discrimination is significantly influenced by the environmental conditions, which might not be suitable for mineral elements analysis of rice in this case, as Wuchang and Panjin are both located in the north‐eastern part of China, having similar environmental and geographical factors (Luo et al ., ,b). Besides, there are very few studies reported on the combination of mineral elements and volatile substances for rice origin discrimination.…”

Elucidating the origin of milk products on the Chinese market using hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope technique

“…O content in milk water reflects the isotope composition of the ground water drunk by animals which in turn depends on the altitude, seasonality, total precipitation and distance from the sea [6]. This implies that it may be possible to discriminate among milk products that are obtained from different geographical origin using hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopic signatures.…”

“…As shown in Table 2 O depends on climatic conditions [5]. In a past study [6], stable isotope values were utilized to develop a new analytical approach enabling the identification of milk samples from different geographical origins. The results they found were quite consistent with our results, which is that milk samples from the six different regions, the United States of America, Canada, Southern China, Northern China, Australia and New Zealand, could be easily discriminated and classified by δ O composition of the milk samples obtained from the different geographical regions, fraudulent manufacturers cannot label milk products obtained from China as a milk obtained from a different geographical region.…”