“…Over the past decade, switchable/tunable microwave components have become an active research area, and much research reveals that tunable microwave components can improve the performances of RF and microwave devices in many ways. Improvements in the frequency of tunable devices, such as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) [1][2][3][4], fieldeffect transistor (FET) couplers, power dividers, phase shifters, filters, sensors, switches [5,6] varactor diodes [7][8][9][10], and PIN diodes [11][12][13][14], permitted the popularity of frequencyswitchable technologies, leading to versatility and reliability of the systems. Despite many of the advantages of tunable devices, such as fast switching, improvement in bandwidth, and high quality they offered, these tunable mechanisms, on the other hand, have some drawbacks.…”