In addition, sulfur is abundant on earth, and also very lowcost and environmentally benign. Similarly, the practical development of various alkali-metal-sulfur (M-S, M = Li, Na, and K) batteries has been hindered by a series of issues, which include: i) the polysulfide shuttle effect, which causes low capacity with limited cycle life [9,10] ; ii) the high reactivity of the alkali metal anodes, which presents safety issues, [11-13] and iii) the poor electronic conductivity of the sulfur cathode materials, which leads to low sulfur utilization and poor rate capability. [14,15] To address the above technical challenges for metal-sulfur batteries with sulfur powder-based electrodes, alternative solutions for the architectural design of sulfur electrodes must be pursued. Therefore, the development of discharged sulfur electrodes, indeed alkali-metal sulfide (M 2 S x) cathodes, has become very interesting and imperative. Compared to the mechanical disadvantage of sulfur powder-based cathodes, M 2 S x cathodes do not suffer from volume collapse, since their volume shrinkage during the initial charge process could generate enough space to accommodate the following volume expansion of sulfur during the discharge process, leading to more stable cycling performance for the M-S batteries. [16] In addition, as the metallized sulfur, M 2 S x cathodes have a huge natural advantage, in that they can be coupled with alkali metal-free anodes such as graphite or silicon (Si). Consequently, the fatal shortcircuiting caused by the excessive growth of dendrites on alkali metal anodes could be greatly adverted, creating safer and more stable M-S batteries. [17,18] Besides, the M 2 S x cathodes hold great promise for high energy battery system. For instance, Li 2 S has a high specific capacity of 1166 mA h g −1. [19] When coupled with Si anodes, Li 2 S-based Li-S batteries can deliver a high specific energy, which is four times of the LiCoO 2 /graphite system. [20] Therefore, the M 2 S x cathode-based M-S batteries could be applied as safe, cost-effective, high durable battery technology with comparatively high energy densities. Unfortunately, it is challenging to apply M 2 S x cathodes, which usually show high initial charge potential due to their high electronic resistivity and low ion diffusivity. [20] The low electronic and ionic conductivity of the M 2 S x cathodes also leads to low sulfur utilization and poor rate capability. [21] Moreover, the widely used ether-based electrolytes in M-S batteries could be decomposed at high potential, resulting in Rechargeable alkali-metal-sulfur (M-S) batteries, because of their high energy density and low cost, have been recognized as one of the most promising next-generation energy storage technologies. Nevertheless, the dissolution of metal polysulfides in organic liquid electrolytes and safety issues related to the metal anodes are greatly hindering the development of the M-S batteries. Alkali-metal sulfides (M 2 S x) are emerging as cathode materials, which can pair with various safe nonalk...