Multi-layer structure of mid-latitude sporadic-&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;E&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; observed during the SEEK-2 campaign

Wakabayashi, Makoto; Ono, Takayuki

doi:10.5194/angeo-23-2347-2005

Cited by 27 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This campaign, along with SEEK-1, confirmed that the QP echoes are associated with Es-layers mainly around 105 km. Accumulation of the E-region plasma into the layers is well explained by the shear of the neutral wind (Bernhardt et al, 2005;Larsen et al, 2005;Pfaff et al, 2005;Wakabayashi and Ono, 2005;Yokoyama et al, 2005). The Es-layers are spatially modulated by the motion of the neutral atmosphere (Maruyama et al, 2006), and then FAI echoes start to appear.…”

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confidence: 99%

Phase and group velocity tracing analysis of projected wave packet motion along oblique radar beams – qualitative analysis of QP echoes

2007

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Abstract. The wave packets of atmospheric gravity waves were numerically generated, with a given characteristic wave period, horizontal wave length and projection mean wind along the horizontal wave vector. Their projection phase and group velocities along the oblique radar beam (v pr and v gr ), with different zenith angle θ and azimuth angle φ, were analyzed by the method of phase-and group-velocity tracing. The results were consistent with the theoretical calculations derived by the dispersion relation, reconfirming the accuracy of the method of analysis. The RTI plot of the numerical wave packets were similar to the striation patterns of the QP echoes from the FAI irregularity region. We propose that the striation range rate of the QP echo is equal to the radial phase velocity v pr , and the slope of the energy line across the neighboring striations is equal to the radial group velocity v gr of the wave packet; the horizontal distance between two neighboring striations is equal to the characteristic wave period τ . Then, one can inversely calculate all the properties of the gravity wave responsible for the appearance of the QP echoes. We found that the possibility of some QP echoes being generated by the gravity waves originated from lower altitudes cannot be ruled out.

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confidence: 99%

Phase and group velocity tracing analysis of projected wave packet motion along oblique radar beams – qualitative analysis of QP echoes

2007

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“…These factors result in variations of E s occurrence with respect to local time, altitude, latitude, longitude, and season (Haldoupis, 2011). Furthermore, in the high-latitude region, the occurrence of E s is more significantly influenced by the local electric field rather than the wind shear due to the geomagnetic field difference (Wakabayashi and Ono, 2005). Please note that the term E s is now widely used to represent the inhomogeneity of the ionospheric E layer (e.g., layers, cloud, irregularity) rather than only the echo trace from the ionogram when it was discovered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They could lift up part of the E s layer to overlap with the original layer. Based on the SEEK-2 rocket campaign observations, Wakabayashi and Ono (2005) analyzed the double-peak E s layer phenomena in detail. They found that the lower peak is usually more stable than the upper peak.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case study on complex sporadic E layers observed by GPS radio occultations

et al. 2015

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Abstract. The occurrence of sporadic E (E s ) layers has been a hot scientific topic for a long time. The GNSS (global navigation satellite system)-based radio occultation (RO) has proven to be a powerful technique for detecting the global E s layers. In this paper, we focus on some cases of complex E s layers based on the RO data from multiple missions processed in UCAR/CDAAC (University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) Data Analysis and Archive Center (CDAAC)). We first show some examples of multiple E s layers occurred in one RO event. Based on the evaluations between colocated simultaneous RO events and between RO and lidar observations, it could be concluded that some of these do manifest the multiple E s layer structures. We then show a case of the occurrence of E s in a broad region during a certain time interval. The result is then validated by independent ionosondes observations. It is possible to explain these complex E s structures using the popular wind shear theory. We could map the global E s occurrence routinely in the near future, given that more RO data will be available. Further statistical studies will enhance our understanding of the E s mechanism. The understanding of E s should benefit both E s -based long-distance communication and accurate neutral RO retrievals.

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“…There can be a few such regions of lower thermospheric heights where heavy metalic ions can be forced to form multiple layers (e.g. see Turunen et al, 1993;Hocke et al, 2001;Damtie et al, 2002;Wakabayashi and Ono, 2005, and references therein; .…”

Section: Atmospheric Shear Wavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The formation of sporadic E layers by a vortical perturbation excited in a horizontal wind shear flow

Didebulidze

Lomidze

2008

Ann. Geophys.

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Abstract. The formation of the mid-latitude sporadic E layers (E s layers) by an atmospheric vortical perturbation excited in a horizontal shear flow (horizontal wind with a horizontal linear shear) is investigated. A three-dimensional atmospheric vortical perturbation (atmospheric shear waves), whose velocity vector is in the horizontal plane and has a vertical wavenumber k z =0, can provide a vertical shear of the horizontal wind. The shear waves influence the vertical transport of heavy metallic ions and their convergence into thin and dense horizontal layers. The proposed mechanism takes into account the dynamical influence of the shear wave velocity in the horizontal wind on the vertical drift velocity of the ions. It also can explain the multi-layer structure of E s layers. The pattern of the multi-layer structure depends on the value of the shear-wave vertical wavelength, the ion-neutral collision frequency and the direction of the background horizontal wind. The modelling of formation of sporadic E layers with a single and a double peak is presented. Also, the importance of shear wave coupling with short-period atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs) on the variations of sporadic E layer ion density is examined and discussed.

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Multi-layer structure of mid-latitude sporadic-<i>E</i> observed during the SEEK-2 campaign

Cited by 27 publications

References 31 publications

Phase and group velocity tracing analysis of projected wave packet motion along oblique radar beams – qualitative analysis of QP echoes

Phase and group velocity tracing analysis of projected wave packet motion along oblique radar beams – qualitative analysis of QP echoes

Case study on complex sporadic E layers observed by GPS radio occultations

The formation of sporadic E layers by a vortical perturbation excited in a horizontal wind shear flow

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