“…(2020) highlighted that a full lockdown to control the pandemic would severely hamper both the formal and informal economies as well as the education sector in Bangladesh, resulting in the loss of livelihoods and increased unemployment rate. Similarly, the lockdown has negatively impacted food production in India, for example, due to lack of migrant labor during the harvesting season (Kumar et al., 2021), while urban food insecurity has increased in Kenya, for example, due to the rise in cooking fuel and food prices (Shupler et al., 2021). Our Nepal case study advanced the findings of these existing studies by identifying the pandemic’s impeding factors on SDGs as a whole, going beyond a single sector.…”
The COVID-19 pandemic has negative impacts on most Sustainable Development Goals, which may subside in the medium and long terms. Key impeding factors causing the negative impacts include lockdowns, unemployment, and diluted focus on non-COVID-19-related issues. The COVID-19 pandemic has also opened a short-lived and narrow window of opportunity for sustainable transformation.
“…(2020) highlighted that a full lockdown to control the pandemic would severely hamper both the formal and informal economies as well as the education sector in Bangladesh, resulting in the loss of livelihoods and increased unemployment rate. Similarly, the lockdown has negatively impacted food production in India, for example, due to lack of migrant labor during the harvesting season (Kumar et al., 2021), while urban food insecurity has increased in Kenya, for example, due to the rise in cooking fuel and food prices (Shupler et al., 2021). Our Nepal case study advanced the findings of these existing studies by identifying the pandemic’s impeding factors on SDGs as a whole, going beyond a single sector.…”
The COVID-19 pandemic has negative impacts on most Sustainable Development Goals, which may subside in the medium and long terms. Key impeding factors causing the negative impacts include lockdowns, unemployment, and diluted focus on non-COVID-19-related issues. The COVID-19 pandemic has also opened a short-lived and narrow window of opportunity for sustainable transformation.
“…Production volume changes (production rate) or stopping production (stoppage of production) [7,10,12,38,48,56,63,66,70,72,74,75,79,80,87,100,106,108,110,113,114,129,131,134,137,142,152,162,[169][170][171][172][173][174] Stability and business continuity plans…”
Section: Sc Instabilitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Fluctuation in supply and demand [5,7,8,14,25,28,29,[36][37][38][39]41,[46][47][48]50,54,57,60,63,64,74,76,[78][79][80][81]84,92,93,[100][101][102][105][106][107][108]111,114,118,123,125,131,132,137,139,142,144,146,149,155,159,…”
Section: Sc Instabilitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Shortage of working capital and delay in opening letter of credit [61] Economic and reduce costs plans Minimize trade promotion costs [61] Focus on building online infrastructures [61] Supply Government financial assistance for companies Government's assistance [10,33,78,79,108] Online infrastructures E-commerce between farmers with consumers [84,114,132] Delivery through communication applications [114,135] Transportation and distribution plans…”
Section: Financial and Economic Constraintsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Food distribution disruption [1,13,29,36,37,50,57,58,60,66,67,[71][72][73]75,79,80,84,92,100,106,108,118,136,140,142,171,183] Decision support tools Decision Support System (DSS) [3] Online infrastructures E-delivery services; online platforms [8,135] Transportation and distribution plans Short-term incentives for distributors [61] Distribution planning and resource allocation [14] Strengthening food storage and inter-and intra-island transport [171] Distribution strategy [67] Government financial assistance for companies Government humanitarian assistance [29,140] Reduction of fees and taxes [66,84,113] Government purchasing agricultural products from small farmers and shorter supply chains [84] Restructuring plans Emergency cashflow and liquidity measures [93] Significant funds [29] Activate the agricultural crisis reserve …”
The epidemics and pandemics can severely affect food supply chains, including producers, retailers, wholesalers, and customers. To minimize their impacts, it is fundamental to implement effective policies that ensure continuity in the provision, affordability, and distribution of basic food items. This research identifies the main impacts of pandemics and epidemics on food supply chains and policies that can minimize these impacts. Based on a systematic literature review (SLR), 173 documents are analysed to propose a taxonomy of impacts on four supply chain links: demand-side, supply-side, logistics and infrastructure, and management and operation. The taxonomy presents the main impacts and respective mitigation policies. In addition, the literature review leads to the development of a comprehensive causal loop diagram (CLD) with the identification of main variables and their relationship with food supply chains. Finally, a specific research agenda is proposed by identifying the main research gaps. These findings provide a structured method for evaluating policies that ensure the functioning of food supply chains, particularly in disruptions such as epidemics and pandemics.
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