Multi-Level Optimization and Strategies in Microbial Biotransformation of Nature Products

Abstract

Continuously growing demand for natural products with pharmacological activities has promoted the development of microbial transformation techniques, thereby facilitating the efficient production of natural products and the mining of new active compounds. Furthermore, due to the shortcomings and defects of microbial transformation, it is an important scientific issue of social and economic value to improve and optimize microbial transformation technology in increasing the yield and activity of transformed products. In this review, the aspects regarding the optimization of fermentation and the cross-disciplinary strategy, leading to the microbial transformation of increased levels of the high-efficiency process from natural products of a plant or microbial origin, were discussed. Additionally, due to the increasing craving for targeted and efficient methods for detecting transformed metabolites, analytical methods based on multiomics were also discussed. Such strategies can be well exploited and applied to the production of more efficient and more natural products from microbial resources.

Antifungal chemicals promising function in disease prevention, method of action and mechanism

“…According to this concept, in order to guarantee the highest possible level of changed sterol content, the cells involved need to bind significantly less polyene. This decreased binding of polyenes in C. albicans mutants could be attributed to a reduction in the overall ergosterol level in the cell, without concomitant changes in sterol composition; (ii) ergosterol, cholesterol, or stigmasterol by a 3-hydroxy or 3-oxo sterol; or (iii) ergosterol, cholesterol, or stigmasterol by a 4-hydroxy or 4-oxoste (Qin and Dong, 2023); or (iii) readjustment, or covering up, of original ergosterol so that tying with polyenes is substituent or thermochemical less favoured. sterols with a higher affinity for nystatin.…”

CRISPR Tools in Bacterial Whole-Cell Biocatalysis

“…Additionally, an enzyme’s tridimensional structure is frequently labile, which causes a loss of activity, preventing its repeated use. Whole microorganisms are efficient, ecological, and generally low-cost catalysts that have been used satisfactorily in various industries, such as pharmaceutical, chemical, food, agrochemical, and cosmetic, among others. , In addition to a variety of shared advantages with free enzymes, whole cells present an interesting array of additional advantages. For instance, a microbial cell is generally more resistant to changes in its environment than an enzyme in solution, diminishing the risk of inactivation and easing its reuse .…”

“…11 the process in economic terms, 14 still fall behind those obtained with chemical catalysts. 10 In addition, the fact that most microorganisms that produce compounds of industrial interest are not model organisms brings limitations related to their culture and the amount of product that can be obtained. Furthermore, in some cases, microorganisms produce undesired compounds along with the compound of interest, adding to the complexity of the subsequent downstream processing.…”

“…However, at times, productivities achieved with whole-cell biocatalysts, the most adequate parameter for benchmarking the process in economic terms, still fall behind those obtained with chemical catalysts . In addition, the fact that most microorganisms that produce compounds of industrial interest are not model organisms brings limitations related to their culture and the amount of product that can be obtained.…”

Novel Drugs Obtained via Biotransformation—In Memory of the Late Scientists Frieder Schauer and Peter Grunwald

“…The selection of microbial strains or biocatalysts is based on the protein sequences of the target enzymes. Genomics and transcriptomics have led to significant advancements, providing researchers with innovative genetic tools to identify target enzymes or microorganisms [ 5 ].…”