Multi-locus analysis of Giardia duodenalis from nonhuman primates kept in zoos in China: Geographical segregation and host-adaptation of assemblage B isolates

Dominance of Giardia duodenalis assemblage A and Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotype BEB6 in sheep in Inner Mongolia, China

“…Similarly, subtype A2, which was observed in one ewe in this study, is the most common assemblage A subtype in humans in many countries. The A4-like subtype has been identified in a green monkey in China (Karim et al, 2015), whereas its close relative, A4, has been found in humans, dogs, cats, and sheep in China (Ryan and Caccio, 2013). PCR analysis of the bg and gdh genes in this study confirmed that assemblage A was the dominant G. duodenalis in sheep in this area.…”

The presence of Giardia intestinalis in donkeys, Equus asinus, in China

“…Assemblage B has a broad host range worldwide [20, 28]. In China, isolates of assemblage B have also been found in non-human primates [2], rabbits [3], horses [17], cattle [29], golden takins ( Budorcas taxicolor bedfordi ) [24], pet chinchillas ( Chinchilla lanigera ) [30], captive wildlife [13], sheep [31] and goats [31], suggesting interspecies transmission of G. intestinalis may be commonly occurring in China, and we should pay enough attention to. More importantly, assemblage B was also identified in raw urban wastewater in northern China [32].…”

“… a Identified by Qi et al [17] b Identified by Coronato Nunes et al [37] c Identified by Karim et al [2]…”

Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis isolates from human subjects in Zabul, using PCR-RFLP

“…Molecular assays such as PCR are employed to classify G. duodenalis to assemblages and subassemblages. Most of studies have applied tests related to one or more of four genetic sequences including small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU-rRNA) and the triosephosphate isomerase, β-giardin and GDH genes [14][15][16]. Many of studies assess only a single gene, mostly SSU-rRNA.…”