Multi-material electrospinning: from methods to biomedical applications

Functional electrospun nanofibers: fabrication, properties, and applications in wound-healing process

“…Simultaneous ES, 72 sometimes referred to as co-ES, refers to the simultaneous ES of nanobers of different materials stacked on top of each other using two or more spinnerets on a single collector to achieve an integrated ber structure. 146 When multiple jets are simultaneously ejected from different spinnerets, the interaction of external electric elds and Coulomb repulsion between the jets usually results in unstable and irregular paths of the jets, which makes it difficult to achieve the desired ber structure.…”

“…Furthermore, they surpass the limitations of traditional drug-polymer combinations by allowing for the placement of multiple drugs within one or two layers possessing distinct polymer, chemical and physical characteristics, thereby achieving the desired release behavior. 72 Dual drug-carrying drug delivery scaffolds 147 and multiaxial ES technology adds new dynamics by fabricating multilayered nano-and microsized bers. 158 These techniques offer the possibility of forming bers with features such as co-bonding, reinforced cores, and porous and hollow structures.…”

“…149,150 In contrast to hydrophilic dressings, self-pumping dressings prevent rewetting of the wound while managing the wound exudate. Currently, the construction of hydrophilic/hydrophobic asymmetric (Janus) structures 72 is an important method for the preparation of self-pumping exudate management dressings. 179 The Janus structure confers different properties to each side of the material, such as hydrophilicity on one side and hydrophobicity on the other.…”

Composite core‐double sheath fibers based on some biodegradable polyesters obtained by self‐organization during electrospinning

“…It has been demonstrated that it enables the one‐pot preparation of polymer fibrous carriers of bioactive substances aiming at application in biomedicine, cosmetics, and food packaging. Recently, the efforts have been concentrated towards the design of composite fibers and fibrous materials with desired properties and having more complex architecture composed of different in nature and behavior polymers or polymer/low‐molecular‐weight additive pairs 2 . For this goal, the following techniques have been developed: coaxial electrospinning, side‐by‐side electrospinning, coating of electrospun materials, simultaneous or subsequent chemical treatment, electrospinning in conjunction with electrospraying, sequential electrospinning, and simultaneous electrospinning 1–5 …”

Polystyrene/Polymethylhydrosiloxane Multiscale Electrospun Nanofiber Membranes for Air Filtration

“…Therefore, their filtration processes rely on the electrostatic interception of particles, − resulting in high energy consumption and short lifespan. In comparison, electrospun nanofibers have significant advantages because of their high aspect ratios, large surface areas, − high porosities, and small thicknesses. ,, The surfaces of these membranes are rough, with small pore sizes and hydrophobicity, which can effectively prevent the deposition and adhesion of impurities, microorganisms, and other pollutants and extend the service life of the filter element. Therefore, electrospinning has also become the main method for preparing high-efficiency filter materials.…”