“…Topology optimisation can facilitate engineers in proposing efficient and novel conceptual design schemes; therefore, it has attracted wide attention in engineering and has become the focus in optimisation recently. Currently, many topology optimisation algorithms have been proposed, such as the SIMP (Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization) method [4,5], homogenisation method [2], level set method [6,7], evolutionary method [8], MMTO (Multi-Material Topology Optimization) method [9], MMC (Moving Morphable Components) method [10], multi-component method [11], multi material method [12,13], and robust optimziation method [14,15]. These topology optimisation algorithms have been successfully applied in many fields, such as hierarchical structures (hierarchical structures are optimal from a structural point of view) [16], mechanics [17], thermotics [18], and acoustics [19].…”