Multi-mycotoxin Analysis of Finished Grain and Nut Products Using Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Positive Electrospray Ionization–Quadrupole Orbital Ion Trap High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography using positive electrospray ionization and quadrupole orbital ion trap high-resolution mass spectrometry was evaluated for analyzing mycotoxins in finished cereal and nut products. Optimizing the orbital ion trap mass analyzer in full-scan mode using mycotoxin-fortified matrix extracts gave mass accuracies, δM, of < ± 2.0 ppm at 70,000 full width at half maximum (FWHM) mass resolution (RFWHM). The limits of quantitation were matrix- and mycotoxin-dependent, ranging from 0.02 to 11.6 μg/kg. Mean recoveries and standard deviations for mycotoxins from acetonitrile/water extraction at their relevant fortification levels were 91 ± 10, 94 ± 10, 98 ± 12, 91 ± 13, 99 ± 15, and 93 ± 17% for corn, rice, wheat, almond, peanut, and pistachio, respectively. Nineteen mycotoxins with concentrations ranging from 0.3 (aflatoxin B1 in peanut and almond) to 1175 μg/kg (fumonisin B1 in corn flour) were found in 35 of the 70 commercial grain and nut samples surveyed. Mycotoxins could be identified at δM < ± 5 ppm by identifying the precursor and product ions in full-scan MS and data-dependent MS/MS modes. This method demonstrates a new analytical approach for monitoring mycotoxins in finished grain and nut products.

Occurrence and Exposure Assessment of Mycotoxins in Ready-to-Eat Tree Nut Products through Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with High Resolution Q-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry

“…AFB1 was found in one sample at 0.45 µg/kg, complying with the regulation regarding maximum limits. Liao, et al [ 23 ] reported contamination with AFB1 at 0.3 µg/kg in one almond sample ( n = 9), similar to the concentration found in this study. Due to the toxicological potential of aflatoxins, special treatments are used in order to eliminate fungal contamination or to inactivate the toxins, such as roasting, sorting, and physical segregation [ 10 ], so it is not usual finding aflatoxins at concentrations above the maximum limits (8 for AFB1 and 10 µg/kg for the sum of aflatoxins).…”

Biosensors Determination of Aflatoxin B1 in Agricultural Products

“…Проте, не дивлячись на нові розробки в цій технології (а саме високопродуктивна ТШХ, двовимірна ТШХ, високоефективна ТШХ під тиском), тонкошарову хроматографію для кількісного аналізу афлатоксинів замінила високоефективна рідинна хроматографія (ВЕРХ чи HPLC) [7]. Найостаннішими методами для визначення афлатоксинів в кормах та продуктах харчування є високоефективна рідинна хроматографія (HPLC) [12], microHPLC [13], ультра-високоефективна рідинна хроматографія (UHPLC) [14][15][16] або 2D-рідинна хроматографія [17]. Ці методи завдяки високій розподільній можливості дають можливість одночасного розділення не тільки різних афлатоксинів, але також і інших мікотоксинів, таких як охратоксин А, зераленон, Т-2, НТ-2 або інших класів токсинів (наприклад пестицидів).…”

Colloidal gold‐McAb probe‐based rapid immunoassay strip for simultaneous detection of fumonisins in maize

“…The current determination of FB 1 is primarily achieved by instrumental analysis, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay . However, instrumental analysis and ELISA require expensive equipment and skilled analysts and are unsuitable for rapid on‐site detection of FBs.…”