Multi‐phase extraction of ephedrine from Pinellia ternata and herbal medicine using molecular imprinted polymer coated ionic liquid‐based silica

Abstract

Introduction Ephedrine is a typical compound found in lots of plant species that is used in several medicines for the treatment of asthma and bronchitis. However, excess amounts are harmful to humans, so it needs to be removed. Objective This study developed a multi‐phase extraction (MPE) method with a molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) coated ionic liquid (IL)‐based silica (SiO2@IL@MIP) to simultaneously extract and separate ephedrine from Pinellia ternata, 10 medicines, and urine samples. Methods IL was immobilized on silica. Subsequently, the IL was combined with the functional monomer, followed by the addition of the crosslinker and template. The resulting sorbent was applied to the MPE, and the extraction, washing and elution solvents were evaluated. Results Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the synthesis of SiO2@IL@MIP. A maximum adsorption amount of 5.76 mg/g was obtained at 30°C at a neutral pH. In MPE, 10.00 mL of methanol could extract all the ephedrine from Pinellia ternata. The interference was removed by washing with 4.00 mL of water, ethanol, and acetonitrile. Finally, 8.00 mL of methanol/acetic acid (99:1, v/v) was applied as the elution solvent. The following were extracted: 5.50 μg/g of ephedrine from Pinellia ternata, 0.00–46.50 μg/g from the 10 herbal medicines, and 68.70–102.80 μg/mL in the urine samples. Conclusion The proposed method was applied successfully to the simultaneously extraction and separation of ephedrine from plants and medicines. These results are expected to provide important data for the development of new methods for the separation and purification of bioactive compounds.

Unraveling the mystery of efficacy in Chinese medicine formula: New approaches and technologies for research on pharmacodynamic substances

“…The calycin-MIPs material was used for the knockdown of flavonoid sapogenins in AR by a solid-phase extraction procedure. Fang et al 2020 developed a multiphase extraction method using molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-coated ionic liquid-based silica (SiO 2 @IL@MIP) for the simultaneous extraction and separation of ephedrine, 10 drugs, and urine samples from Hemisphagnum. Ma’s research ( Ma et al, 2019 ) synthesized a novel magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer-doped reticulated graphene oxide (Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -GO@MIPs) for the selective identification and extraction of four flavonoids.…”

Role of Ionic Liquids in Composites in Analytical Sample Preparation

“…Separations 2020, 7, x FOR PEER REVIEW 13 of 32 [C n MIm + ]-based ILs with alkyl chains with different lengths is the main type of ILs used to prepare monolithic MIPILs [66,127,128,130], being [C 4 MIm + ]-based ILs the most frequently used [66,127,128,130] The synthesis of these materials is mainly accomplished by filling a column-shaped device with the mixture containing the IL, the conventional monomer (or silica monomer if they are prepared by sol-gel approaches), the template molecule, the crosslinker, and the initiator to form the monolith by an in situ polymerization reaction [66][67][68][69][70][124][125][126][127][128]130]. The resulting monoliths have been mainly used as sorbent in SPE using cartridges [66,[68][69][70][124][125][126][127][128]130], and in one application they have also been included as coatings in SPME [67].…”

Simultaneous Determination of Three Compounds in Rat Plasma by UHPLC-QQQ-MS/MS and Its Application to Pharmacokinetics of Banxia Baizhu Tianma Tang

“…The six compounds including ephedrine, gastrodin, atractylenolide, pachymic acid, hesperidin, and liquiritin in Banxia Baizhu Tianma Tang, respectively, represent the main chemical markers for the quality evaluation of PT [ 13 ], AM, GE, PC, CR, and GU [ 14 ]. Initially, the aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of the six chemical compositions in Banxia Baizhu Tianma Tang in rat plasma using the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QQQ-MS/MS) method, but only the pharmacokinetic studies of ephedrine in PT, gastrodin in GE, and liquiritin in GU were investigated at last except atractylenolide, pachymic acid, and hesperidin because only little of them were found in rat plasma.…”