Multi-pole magnetization of NdFeB magnetic elastomers via a programmable magnetic stamp inspired by movable type printing

Deng, Runyi; Cao, Qing; Gong, Guofang; Yang, Huayong; Shinshi, Tadahiko; Han, Dong

doi:10.1016/j.sna.2023.114945

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 31 publications

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“…To create a multilayer structure with nonzero spin and zero magnetization, here we explore the multilayer system composed of a transition metal FM layer and a rare earth FM layer with AFM alignment between two layers. The Nd-Fe-B-based thin films were widely investigated in both industry and research labs due to their applications in nanomagnetic devices, nanomechanical devices, and magnetic recording media [31][32][33][34][35][36]. Crystalline phases of Nd-Fe-B show distinctive characteristics such as magnetization and coercivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Long-Range Exchange Coupling in Nd-Fe-B/Ti/Fe Multilayered Structure

Yazdani,

Phillips,

Mosey

et al. 2024

Crystals

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The exchange coupling between two ferromagnetic thin films, one with magnetically hard and the other with soft phases, separated by a thin non-magnetic layer, is studied. Nd-Fe-B/Ti/Fe thin film heterostructures were fabricated using DC magnetron sputtering on Si substrates, which were heated in situ at 650 °C using a house-built vacuum-compatible heater. The effect of the thickness of the Ti buffer layer and the annealing temperature on the formation of various phases of Nd-Fe-B was investigated. The effect of the thickness of the non-magnetic Ti spacer layer on the exchange coupling strength between the hard phase Nd-Fe-B ferromagnetic thin layer and the soft phase transition metal Fe layer was experimentally investigated. Hysteresis loops of multilayer thin films indicate an antiferromagnetic coupling was observed when the thickness of the spacer layer was 2 nm. This is within the range of an antiferromagnetic coupling calculation based on RKKY theory predictions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Long-Range Exchange Coupling in Nd-Fe-B/Ti/Fe Multilayered Structure

Yazdani,

Phillips,

Mosey

et al. 2024

Crystals

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Nature-inspired miniaturized magnetic soft robotic swimmers

Pramanik,

Verstappen,

Onck

2024

Applied Physics Reviews

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State-of-the-art biomedical applications such as targeted drug delivery and laparoscopic surgery are extremely challenging because of the small length scales, the requirements of wireless manipulation, operational accuracy, and precise localization. In this regard, miniaturized magnetic soft robotic swimmers (MSRS) are attractive candidates since they offer a contactless mode of operation for precise path maneuvering. Inspired by nature, researchers have designed these small-scale intelligent machines to demonstrate enhanced swimming performance through viscous fluidic media using different modes of propulsion. In this review paper, we identify and classify nature-inspired basic swimming modes that have been optimized over large evolutionary timescales. For example, ciliary swimmers like Paramecium and Coleps are covered with tiny hairlike filaments (cilia) that beat rhythmically using coordinated wave movements for propulsion and to gather food. Undulatory swimmers such as spermatozoa and midge larvae use traveling body waves to push the surrounding fluid for effective propulsion through highly viscous environments. Helical swimmers like bacteria rotate their slender whiskers (flagella) for locomotion through stagnant viscid fluids. Essentially, all the three modes of swimming employ nonreciprocal motion to achieve spatial asymmetry. We provide a mechanistic understanding of magnetic-field-induced spatiotemporal symmetry-breaking principles adopted by MSRS for the effective propulsion at such small length scales. Furthermore, theoretical and computational tools that can precisely predict the magnetically driven large deformation fluid–structure interaction of these MSRS are discussed. Here, we present a holistic descriptive review of the recent developments in these smart material systems covering the wide spectrum of their fabrication techniques, nature-inspired design, biomedical applications, swimming strategies, magnetic actuation, and modeling approaches. Finally, we present the future prospects of these promising material systems. Specifically, synchronous tracking and noninvasive imaging of these external agents during in vivo clinical applications still remains a daunting task. Furthermore, their experimental demonstrations have mostly been limited to in vitro and ex vivo phantom models where the dynamics of the testing conditions are quite different compared the in vivo conditions. Additionally, multi-shape morphing and multi-stimuli-responsive modalities of these active structures demand further advancements in 4D printing avenues. Their multi-state configuration as an active solid-fluid continuum would require the development of multi-scale models. Eventually, adding multiple levels of intelligence would enhance their adaptivity, functionalities, and reliability during critical biomedical applications.

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Study of the Long-Range Exchange Coupling in NdFe-B/Ti/Fe Multilayered Structure

Yazdani,

Phillips,

Mosey

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The exchange coupling between two ferromagnetic thin films, one with magnetically hard and the other with soft phases, separated by a thin non-magnetic layer is studied. Nd-Fe-B/ Ti / Fe thin film heterostructures were fabricated using DC magnetron sputtering on Si substrates which were heated in situ at 650°C using a house-built vacuum-compatible heater. The effect of the thickness of the Ti buffer layer and the annealing temperature on the formation of various phases of NdFeB was investigated. The effect of the thickness of the non-magnetic Ti spacer layer on the exchange coupling strength between the hard phase Nd-Fe-B ferromagnetic thin layer and the soft phase transition metal Fe layer was experimentally investigated. Hysteresis loops of multilayer thin films indicate an antiferromagnetic coupling was observed when the thickness of the spacer layer was 2 nm. This is within the range of antiferromagnetic coupling calculation based on RKKY theory predictions.

show abstract

Multi-pole magnetization of NdFeB magnetic elastomers via a programmable magnetic stamp inspired by movable type printing

Cited by 4 publications

References 31 publications

Study of the Long-Range Exchange Coupling in Nd-Fe-B/Ti/Fe Multilayered Structure

Study of the Long-Range Exchange Coupling in Nd-Fe-B/Ti/Fe Multilayered Structure

Nature-inspired miniaturized magnetic soft robotic swimmers

Study of the Long-Range Exchange Coupling in NdFe-B/Ti/Fe Multilayered Structure

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