Multi-responsive soft paper-based actuators with programmable shape-deformations

Weng, Mingcen; Tang, Zhendong; Zhu, Jiemin

doi:10.1016/j.sna.2021.113016

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Alternatively, actuators with bilayer structure have been successfully developed to perform controllable deformations such as bending and bucking based on asymmetrical responsive properties of two different swelling layers. [62,67,80,81] Several approaches including coating, [66] selective implanting, [82] lithography techniques, [83] self-assembly [84] have also been explored to construct bilayer or multilayer hydrogel actuators. For instance, Shin and coworkers reported an bilayer actuator by using a moisture-adsorbing responsive membrane as an active layer, and combined with another inactive layer.…”

Section: Design and Fabrication Of Cellulose-based Actuators 21 Desig...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous studies have been performed toward combining different mechanisms, pursuing advanced active materials, and constructing multistimuli-responsive actuators with superior actuation performance. [61,71,81,83,84,110] For instance, Wang and coworkers designed a new class of self-healing actuators based on light thermal and magnetic actuation by embedding 3D interconnected Fe 3 O 4 @CNC nanohybrids into metal-ligand coordination-crosslinked supramolecular elastomers (Figure 9a). [110] The obtained actuator exhibited superhigh NIR light and magnetic sensitivity (near-infrared light of 0.44 s and magnetic field of 0.36 s).…”

Section: Multiple Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cellulose‐Based Soft Actuators

Chen

Sun

Biehl

et al. 2022

Macro Materials & Eng

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Compared to other commonly used materials in the field of soft actuators, cellulose offers many advantages such as low cost, sustainability, versatile applications, and abundancy. Due to the enormous and growing demand in the functional flexible electronics industry, cellulose‐based soft actuators are receiving a lot of attention and are undergoing an exciting development. In this focused review, the milestones and recent achievements of cellulose‐based actuators are presented. The actuation energy of the actuators is mainly generated through external stimuli like electricity, temperature, magnetic fields, light, or moisture. Different systems which use these stimuli and corresponding fabrication techniques for these materials, such as self‐assembly and layer by layer deposition are discussed. Further, the currently applied strategies to achieve programmable actions in soft actuators will be reviewed, which allow control over responding deformation. Finally, the pending challenges and some potential solutions in the upcoming development of cellulose‐based actuators are summarized.

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Section: Design and Fabrication Of Cellulose-based Actuators 21 Desig...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Multiple Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulose‐Based Soft Actuators

Chen

Sun

Biehl

et al. 2022

Macro Materials & Eng

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“…Animals and plants in nature are intelligently responsive to changing environments, displaying diverse deformations and motions to survive and evolve. , Inspired by these living organisms, various soft actuators that can respond to external stimuli, especially light, humidity, chemical fuels, electrical, and magnetic field have been developed to benefit soft robotics, flexible electronics, and biomedical fields. , Compared with the soft actuators with single responsive capability to stimulus, the multi-stimuli responsive soft actuators can meet the multifunctional requirements, having drawn a great deal of attention. , Weng et al explored the different 3D shape deformations of the light/humidity-triggered graphite paper/polymer actuator and demonstrated the application for manipulating objects . Du et al designed the temperature-responsive hydrogel-based millirobots embedded with magnetic particles, which showed crawling, swinging, and rolling and shrinkingly went through a narrow tube .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12,13 Weng et al explored the different 3D shape deformations of the light/humiditytriggered graphite paper/polymer actuator and demonstrated the application for manipulating objects. 14 Du et al designed the temperature-responsive hydrogel-based millirobots embedded with magnetic particles, which showed crawling, swinging, and rolling and shrinkingly went through a narrow tube. 15 However, despite the advantageous performances of programmable deformation, transformable locomotion, and adaptability, the multi-stimuli responsive soft actuators capable of precise, complex, and multimodal deformations under simple control yet remain challenging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Stimuli Responsive Soft Actuator with Locally Controllable and Programmable Complex Shape Deformations

Zhang

Wang

Sun

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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The soft actuators capable of responding to multiple stimuli and adapting to changing environments have attracted growing interest in the flexible multifunctional materials. However, how to achieve high degree of freedom (DoF), precise control, and complex shape transformation of the multi-stimuli responsive soft actuator, still remains challenging. Here, we report a multi-responsive soft actuator with various controllable sophisticated deformations by integrating a magnetically sensitive elastomer (MSE) with a liquid crystal elastomer (LCE). Through regulating the stimuli strength and the geometrical dimensions and material parameters of elastomers, the bending angle and curling curvature of the actuator are accurately controlled ranging from 0 to 58.9° and from 0.23 to 1.29 cm–1, respectively. The facile material-structural synergistic design drives the complex 3D shape deformations (e.g., bidirectional bending, shrinkage/bending, rolling/bending, and twisting/bending) of the actuator. More importantly, due to its photosensitive characteristics, the shape-morphing of the actuator can be manipulated locally and sequentially, which markedly enriches the DoFs. The flower-shaped actuator displays multiple deformation modes, and the hand-shaped actuator transforms between 8 gestures under the control of laser and magnetic field, proving that the multi-responsive soft actuators have great application potentials in future bioengineering, soft manipulators, and flexible electronics.

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“…Techniques that are commonly used for fabrication include printing, handwriting, coating, impregnation, precipitation, and grafting polymerization. However, studies where paper is used as an integral, motion-inducing, and influencing part of the soft robot and not only as a carrier and/or substrate are very rare [ 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Gradients in Polymer-Modified Paper Sheets—Towards Single-Layer Biomimetic Soft Robots

et al. 2023

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Biomimetic actuators are typically constructed as functional bi- or multilayers, where actuating and resistance layers together dictate bending responses upon triggering by environmental stimuli. Inspired by motile plant structures, like the stems of the false rose of Jericho (Selaginella lepidophylla), we introduce polymer-modified paper sheets that can act as soft robotic single-layer actuators capable of hygro-responsive bending reactions. A tailored gradient modification of the paper sheet along its thickness entails increased dry and wet tensile strength and allows at the same time for hygro-responsiveness. For the fabrication of such single-layer paper devices, the adsorption behavior of a cross-linkable polymer to cellulose fiber networks was first evaluated. By using different concentrations and drying procedures fine-tuned polymer gradients throughout the thickness can be achieved. Due to the covalent cross-linking of polymer with fibers, these paper samples possess significantly increased dry and wet tensile strength properties. We furthermore investigated these gradient papers with respect to a mechanical deflection during humidity cycling. The highest humidity sensitivity is achieved using eucalyptus paper with a grammage of 150 g m−2 modified with the polymer dissolved in IPA (~13 wt%) possessing a polymer gradient. Our study presents a straightforward approach for the design of novel hygroscopic, paper-based single-layer actuators, which have a high potential for diverse soft robotic and sensor applications.

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Multi-responsive soft paper-based actuators with programmable shape-deformations

Cited by 19 publications

References 26 publications

Cellulose‐Based Soft Actuators

Cellulose‐Based Soft Actuators

Multi-Stimuli Responsive Soft Actuator with Locally Controllable and Programmable Complex Shape Deformations

Chemical Gradients in Polymer-Modified Paper Sheets—Towards Single-Layer Biomimetic Soft Robots

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