Multi-scale analysis of the effect of nano-filler particle diameter on the physical properties of CAD/CAM composite resin blocks

Abstract

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of silica nano-filler particle diameters in a computer-aided design/manufacturing (CAD/CAM) composite resin (CR) block on physical properties at the multi-scale in silico. CAD/CAM CR blocks were modeled, consisting of silica nano-filler particles (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 nm) and matrix (Bis-GMA/TEGDMA), with filler volume contents of 55.161%. Calculation of Young's moduli and Poisson's ratios for the block at macro-scale were analyzed by homogenization. Macro-scale CAD/CAM CR blocks (3 × 3 × 3 mm) were modeled and compressive strengths were defined when the fracture loads exceeded 6075 N. MPS values of the nano-scale models were compared by localization analysis. As the filler size decreased, Young's moduli and compressive strength increased, while Poisson's ratios and MPS decreased. All parameters were significantly correlated with the diameters of the filler particles (Pearson's correlation test, r = -0.949, 0.943, -0.951, 0.976, p < 0.05). The in silico multi-scale model established in this study demonstrates that the Young's moduli, Poisson's ratios, and compressive strengths of CAD/CAM CR blocks can be enhanced by loading silica nanofiller particles of smaller diameter. CAD/CAM CR blocks by using smaller silica nano-filler particles have a potential to increase fracture resistance.

Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles: Dielectric Properties, Surface Functionalization and Improvement of Epoxy-Based Composites Insulating Properties

“…The use of nanofillers has been also demonstrated to impove mechanical characteristics of many biomedical materials, mainly used in orthopedics [24] and dentistry [25]. However, this paper presents the unique results of nanoscale MgO dielectric properties itself, in the temperature and frequency range.…”

<i>In vitro</i>/<i>in silico</i> investigation of failure criteria to predict flexural strength of composite resins

“…Multi-scale analysis 32,33) enables the investigation of the influence of the multifactorial properties of fillers at micro-or nano-scale on the physical properties at macro-scale 34) . The in silico analysis established in this study, which replaces theoretical analysis with a composite theory such as the modified McGee-McCullough model, in a multi-scale analysis used to calculate the material properties of CR at macro-scale, is applicable to the investigation of the above-mentioned factors, while conventional approaches are not 14,16,17) .…”

Influence of hydrolysis degradation of silane coupling agents on mechanical performance of CAD/CAM resin composites: <i>In silico</i> multi-scale analysis

“…Instead of in vitro models, in silico three-dimensional finite-element analysis has been used to predict the properties of resin composite materials, such as resin properties with various filler contents 17) or filler sizes 18) . Yamaguchi et al have confirmed that predicted flexural strengths by in silico analysis was significantly correlated to those obtained by in vitro tests 19) .…”

“…Yamaguchi et al have confirmed that predicted flexural strengths by in silico analysis was significantly correlated to those obtained by in vitro tests 19) . By using nanoscale properties of CAD/CAM RCB components, including the mechanical properties of silica fillers and resin matrices, macroproperties, such as the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio of the CAD/CAM RCB can be predicted by homogenization analysis 18,20) . When a force is added to the CAD/CAM RCB at a macroscale, the strain and stress distribution of the CAD/CAM RCB, including the maximum principal strain (MPS), which is known as the failure criteria of composite materials 19,21) at a certain nanoscale area can be analyzed by localization analysis.…”

“…In silico multi-scale analysis has been established to solve nonlinear elastic problems of heterogeneous substance considering the material properties in microscale such as composites 22) and recently introduced to Silica fillers (gray) and resin matrix (transparent yellow). predict mechanical properties of composites 18) , porous ceramics 23) , and titanium 24) . The aim of this study was to build in silico CAD/ CAM RCB models with different silane coupling ratios and to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of the models, including the elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, compressive strength, and MPS.…”