Multi-scale phylogenetic structure in coastal dune plant communities across the globe

Brunbjerg, Ane Kirstine; Cavender‐Bares, Jeannine; Eiserhardt, Wolf L.; Ejrnæs, Rasmus; Aarssen, Lonnie W.; Buckley, Hannah L.; Forey, Estelle; Jansen, Florian; Kattge, Jens; Lane, Cynthia; Lubke, R.A.; Moles, Angela T.; Monserrat, Ana Laura; Peet, Robert K.; Roncal, Julissa; Wootton, Louise; Svenning, Jens‐Christian

doi:10.1093/jpe/rtt069

Cited by 41 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…This is a general expectation in broad‐scale systems, where large geographical distances provide less chance for dispersal and reduce spatial connectivity, supporting the patch‐dynamic and the neutral metacommunity paradigms (Logue et al ., ). Dispersal limitation in evolutionary terms can also be recognized in dune communities at a global scale as a possible driver of regional diversification (Brunbjerg et al ., ). As the pure effect of space is a more important factor for structuring species assemblages in shifting dunes, we could argue that dispersal limitation has a strong effect on this habitat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional metacommunities in two coastal systems: spatial structure and drivers of plant assemblages

Jíménez-Alfaro

Marcenò

Guarino

et al. 2014

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim Biogeographical patterns in metacommunities are still poorly understood, and different processes are expected to occur in different habitats. We analysed the regional plant metacommunities of coastal habitats to test whether (1) the influence of space and climate differs between two habitats differentiated along the seashore-inland gradient, and (2) regional variation in species composition of these habitats can be ascribed to different metacommunity paradigms.Location The entire coast of the Iberian Peninsula, south-western Europe.Methods We collected data on the plant species composition of coastal sites on sand dunes across 3000 km of coastline. The sites were classified into two habitats corresponding to shifting and stable sand dunes, and divided into three distinct geographical regions: Cantabrian, Atlantic and Mediterranean. We assessed the geographical structure of the species composition using ordination, estimates of species turnover and spatial autocorrelation. We then used multivariate models and variation partitioning to test the influence of climatic and spatial effects. Analyses were conducted for the whole data set and the geographical subsets.Results Metacommunities from shifting and stable dunes showed similar spatial patterns, with the highest species turnover occurring in the Mediterranean region. Similarities between communities that were nearer each other (typically < 100 km) were weaker in shifting than in stable dunes, although the distance decay for sites that were further apart was similar in both habitats. Variation in species composition in shifting dunes was mainly explained by distance and climate, while in stable dunes the effect of climate was clearly dominant. The observed differences were relatively consistent across geographical regions.Main conclusions Distinct processes structure the metacommunities in two dune habitats differentiated along the seashore-inland gradient. Communities of shifting dunes seem to be structured by an interplay of neutral or patch-dynamic processes and to a lesser degree by species sorting. In contrast, communities of stable dunes are mainly governed by species sorting in response to climatic gradients. These results highlight the importance of differentiating habitats according to local ecological factors when analysing regional patterns in metacommunities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional metacommunities in two coastal systems: spatial structure and drivers of plant assemblages

Jíménez-Alfaro

Marcenò

Guarino

et al. 2014

Journal of Biogeography

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“…Because some species in our study were not included in this tree, we followed the protocol of Beaulieu, Ree, Cavender‐Bares, Weiblen, and Donoghue () and inserted these species in place of closely related taxa to create a tree that included all species in our study (Table S1). To assess the phylogenetic structure of fish assemblages, the net relatedness index (NRI) and nearest taxon index (NTI) were used (Brunbjerg et al, ; Webb, Ackerly, McPeek, & Donoghue, ). Net relatedness index and NTI were calculated as.

(false(r_{obs} - r_{null} false) / S D_{null}) * - 1,

where in r is the mean pairwise distance (MPD) when calculating NRI, and r is the mean nearest taxon distance (MNTD) when calculating NTI.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intercontinental trends in functional and phylogenetic structure of stream fish assemblages

Bower

Winemiller

2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Understanding of community assembly has been improved by phylogenetic and trait‐based approaches, yet there is little consensus regarding the relative importance of alternative mechanisms and few studies have been done at large geographic and phylogenetic scales. Here, we use phylogenetic and trait dispersion approaches to determine the relative contribution of limiting similarity and environmental filtering to community assembly of stream fishes at an intercontinental scale. We sampled stream fishes from five zoogeographic regions. Analysis of traits associated with habitat use, feeding, or both resulted in more occurrences of trait underdispersion than overdispersion regardless of spatial scale or species pool. Our results suggest that environmental filtering and, to a lesser extent, species interactions were important mechanisms of community assembly for fishes inhabiting small, low‐gradient streams in all five regions. However, a large proportion of the trait dispersion values were no different from random. This suggests that stochastic factors or opposing assembly mechanisms also influenced stream fish assemblages and their trait dispersion patterns. Local assemblages tended to have lower functional diversity in microhabitats with high water velocity, shallow water depth, and homogeneous substrates lacking structural complexity, lending support for the stress‐dominance hypothesis. A high prevalence of functional underdispersion coupled with phylogenetic underdispersion could reflect phylogenetic niche conservatism and/or stabilizing selection. These findings imply that environmental filtering of stream fish assemblages is not only deterministic, but also influences assemblage structure in a fairly consistent manner worldwide.

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“…We used the computationally efficient R ‐function of Brunbjerg et al . () to calculate the NRI. The NRI was calculated separately for the three major clades (cf.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NRI = −[MPD.obs − mean(MPD.null)]/SD(MPD.null), where MPD.obs is the mean pairwise divergence time among co-occurring species and MPD.null is the mean pairwise divergence time among species in the null assemblages. We used the computationally efficient R-function of Brunbjerg et al (2014) to calculate the NRI. The NRI was calculated separately for the three major clades (cf.…”

Section: Phylogenetic Assemblage Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Late Cenozoic climate and the phylogenetic structure of regional conifer floras world‐wide

Eiserhardt

Borchsenius

Sandel

et al. 2015

Global Ecology and Biogeography

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Aim Using conifers as a model system, we aim to test four hypotheses. H1: the processes that shape the phylogenetic structure of regional species assemblages depend on climate. H2: apparent effects of current climate can be equally well explained by past climate. H3: strong Quaternary climate oscillations have led to phylogenetically non‐random assemblages, either with few closely related species because isolated populations do not persist long enough to become new species or with many close relatives due to increased allopatric speciation. H4: strong late Cenozoic aridification has led to assemblages with many close relatives due to extinction and adaptive radiation. Location Global. Methods We used boosted regression trees to relate the net relatedness index (NRI) of regional conifer assemblages to current climate, past climate (0.021, 3 and 7.3–11.6 Ma), and gradual and cyclic late Cenozoic climate change while simultaneously accounting for habitat and biogeographic covariates. Results Climate was the most important predictor of NRI, supporting H1. Current and past climate showed similar relationships with NRI, supporting H2. Conifer NRI was further related to Quaternary climate oscillations and gradual late Cenozoic climate trends, but the shape of the relationships supported neither H3 nor H4. Main conclusions The climate–NRI relationships suggest that late Cenozoic climate consistently influenced the dynamics of conifer speciation, extinction and dispersal, leading to global patterns of phylogenetic assemblage structure. We deduce from the phylogenetic structure that diversification has been highest in warm or dry climates over the last ≥11.6 Myr. The fact that phylogenetic structure is related to climate trends and oscillations indicates that climate change plays an important role in addition to climate per se, but the exact underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Our results suggest that past climate needs to be taken into account when aiming to explain the phylogenetic structure of regional assemblages and other related aspects of biodiversity.

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Multi-scale phylogenetic structure in coastal dune plant communities across the globe

Cited by 41 publications

References 66 publications

Regional metacommunities in two coastal systems: spatial structure and drivers of plant assemblages

Regional metacommunities in two coastal systems: spatial structure and drivers of plant assemblages

Intercontinental trends in functional and phylogenetic structure of stream fish assemblages

Late Cenozoic climate and the phylogenetic structure of regional conifer floras world‐wide

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