Multi-shelled metal oxides prepared via an anion-adsorption mechanism for lithium-ion batteries

The Application of Hollow Structured Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: From Simple to Complex Systems

“…[64,65] Additionally, by taking into account the higher equivalent weight of sodium than that of lithium, sodium-ion batteries will have difficulties in competing with lithium-ion batteries in terms of energy density. [25][26][27] This grants the multishell hollow structured anodes better durability as compared to the hollow structured anodes with single shells. [15,16,28] As the consequence of the lower voltage of sodiumion batteries and the lower tap density of hollow structured anodes with single shells, the energy density of hollow structured anodes for sodium-ion batteries is another crucial concern.…”

“…[25][26][27] Also, the large void inside the outer shell is utilized by the inner core, which increases the tap density of electrode. With the outer shell to protect the inner core, the stability of electrode material can be enhanced.…”

“…Basically, the "insertion" anodes involve a sodium-ion storage mechanism that is www.advmat.de www.advancedsciencenews.com due to the differences in sodium and lithium-ion batteries. [16,[25][26][27][28] Therefore, because of the low energy density of sodium-ion batteries and the low volumetric density of hollow structured electrode materials, the energy density of anodes in sodium-ion batteries is one of the major concerns toward application of these batteries. [9] Therefore, in the rational design of hollow structured anodes for sodiumion batteries, apart from the simple hollow structure, there is a need to design an extra space to accommodate a larger volume expansion.…”

Highly controlled synthesis of multi-shelled NiO hollow microspheres for enhanced lithium storage properties

“…In the last years, metal oxides with multi-shelled structure such as Co3O4, Fe2O3, TiO2, V2O5, LiMn2O4 et al were used as anode materials and cathode materials in LIBs [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35].…”

Highly active CeO2 hollow-shell spheres with Al doping

“…Secondly, the multi-shelled hollow structure allows for more multiple reflections of the incident light, resulting in more efficient use of the light and enhanced catalytic activity in photoreactions [24]. Thirdly, the unique self-supported structure not only offers the advantages of the tiny NPs, but also provides the benefits of better buffering of volume changes and inner stress and strain to achieve excellent structural stability [25]. Last but not least, the unique hollow structure can efficiently trap noble metal NPs in the porous shells and the cavities, which allows better dispersion and facile immobilization, making this structure an ideal catalyst support [26,27].…”