“…Furthermore, discipline-based STEM TEs with PhDs in STEM fields, such as biology or mathematics, may have limited experience with social science research and will likely need to develop social science research skills (Jablon, 2002). Hence, TEs who enter the profession through these various pathways have distinct needs for support to develop pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) for teacher education (Abell et al, 2007) and to understand the systems and cultures of K-12 schools (Yuan, 2015), as well as those of higher education. Despite variations across international contexts or professional pathways into teacher education, there is a strong need for TE professional development (Akyeampong, 2017;Czerniawski, Guberman, & MacPhail, 2017;Hökkä, Vähäsantanen, & Mahlakaarto, 2017;MacPhail et al, 2019;Van der, Kools, Avissar, White, & Sakata, 2017;Vanassche et al, 2015).…”