“…Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) techniques enable the measurement of thickness and refractive index variations in optically transparent objects, and have been widely used to study unstained biological samples, which modulate the phase but not the amplitude [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. A wide variety of techniques, such as Schlieren method [ 4 ], Zernike phase contrast method [ 5 ], tomography [ 6 ], interference microscopy [ 7 , 8 , 9 ] and digital holography [ 10 ] can be applied for QPI applications.…”