Multi-Speed Gearboxes for Battery Electric Vehicles: Current Status and Future Trends

Machado, Fabricio; Kollmeyer, Phillip J.; Barroso, Daniel; Emadi, Ali

doi:10.1109/ojvt.2021.3124411

Cited by 46 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…In terms of maintenance, refs. [93,94] discussed the gap between the operation cost for ICE and EV. In general, the purchasing cost for EV is higher due to the high battery cost, while the cumulative maintenance cost for ICE will be greater over time due to the frequent maintenance requirement for its powertrain.…”

Section: Key Areas For Future Research Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Methods to Optimize Power Flow in Electric Vehicle Powertrains for Efficiency and Driving Performance

et al. 2022

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Electric vehicles (EV) are quickly gaining a foothold in global markets due to their zero tailpipe emissions and increasing practicality in terms of battery technologies. However, even though EV powertrains emit zero emissions during driving, their efficiency has not been fully optimized, particularly due the commonly used single-speed transmission. Hence, this paper provides an extensive review on the latest works carried out to optimize the power flow in EV powertrains using multispeed discrete transmission, continuously variable transmission and multi-motor configurations. The relevant literatures were shortlisted using a keyword search related to EV powertrain in the ScienceDirect and Scopus databases. The review focused on the related literatures published from 2018 onwards. The publications were reviewed in terms of the methodologies applied to optimize the powertrain for efficiency and driving performance. Next, the significant findings from these literatures were discussed and compared. Finally, based on the review, several future key research areas in EV powertrain efficiency and performance are highlighted.

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Section: Key Areas For Future Research Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Methods to Optimize Power Flow in Electric Vehicle Powertrains for Efficiency and Driving Performance

et al. 2022

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“…In previous research it has been shown that two-speed BEV transmissions allow for a reduction of electric consumption [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] as well as for a potential downsizing of the EM [8][9][10]. Various concepts for multi-speed BEV with one EM have been presented by academia and industry (overviews are given in [11] and [12]). Such concepts allow for a fully capable vehicle with high efficiency in urban operation enabled by a high 1 st transmission ratio and the fulfilment of all further driving requirements.…”

Section: Technical University Of Darmstadtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potentials to reduce the Energy Consumption of Electric Vehicles in Urban Traffic

Eßer,

Mölleney,

Rinderknecht

2022

Dritev 2022

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By means of a parameter study using a detailed backwards facing model of the longitudinal vehicle dynamics, the design of the transmission ratio in battery electric vehicles (BEV) is analyzed for different driving cycles and it is shown that the electric consumption in urban operation can be significantly reduced by up-speeding the electric machine (EM) using a high 1 st transmission ratio. But this potential currently remains unused in fixed-speed BEV due to various additional driving requirements of extra-urban driving with higher vehicle speeds. For this reason, multi-speed BEV are further investigated as a solution to the conflicting design objectives. An additional parameter study for multi-speed BEV with two transmission ratios shows further potentials for the reduction of electric consumption both in urban and extra-urban driving scenarios. Furthermore, the more complex "Two-Drive-Transmission" (TDT) concept is investigated as a multi-speed BEV powertrain with two downsized EMs instead of one highpower EM and it is compared with the other BEV variants using a comparative optimization approach. The TDT uses low-cost and energetically efficient shifting devices based on the technology of an automated manual transmission with simple dog clutches without friction surfaces, allowing shifting without interruption of traction force. Dynamic programming is applied as operational strategy for all simulations considering shifting losses to achieve a benchmarking of the potentials of fixed-speed and multi-speed BEV.

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“…Consequently, this can lead to issues in various controller systems, including the motor and the inverter that controls it, especially with speed shifting [11]. If the speed range could be divided into several sections, allowing the motor to run at a constant speed within each section and optimizing speed shifting for operation, this issue could be resolved [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Speed Transmission Structure and Optimization Design for Electric Vehicles

Jeong,

Han,

Kim

et al. 2023

Machines

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The trend in the global automotive industry is moving towards electric vehicles that do not emit exhaust gases and use eco-friendly fuel. Electric vehicles are more eco-friendly compared to internal combustion engine vehicles, as they emit less carbon dioxide and pollutants. Research and development are actively underway to produce new electric vehicle models in the rapidly growing electric car market. In this study, a 2-speed transmission for electric vehicles, applicable to 300 Nm-class electric cars, has been developed. The 2-speed transmission structure enables efficient energy use and utilizes a planetary gear set and wet multi-plate clutch, which are effective in the power transmission process. The 2-speed transmission developed through the research results of this paper has a compact structure optimized for electric vehicles. The design feasibility of the transmission was verified through performance tests of the prototype, contributing to fuel efficiency improvement and environmental enhancement.

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Multi-Speed Gearboxes for Battery Electric Vehicles: Current Status and Future Trends

Cited by 46 publications

References 101 publications

Review of the Methods to Optimize Power Flow in Electric Vehicle Powertrains for Efficiency and Driving Performance

Review of the Methods to Optimize Power Flow in Electric Vehicle Powertrains for Efficiency and Driving Performance

Potentials to reduce the Energy Consumption of Electric Vehicles in Urban Traffic

Two-Speed Transmission Structure and Optimization Design for Electric Vehicles

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