Multi-taxon alpha diversity following bark beetle disturbance: Evaluating multi-decade persistence of a diverse early-seral phase

Winter, Maria Barbara; Ammer, Christian; Baier, Roland; Donato, Daniel C.; Seibold, Sebastian; Müller, Jörg

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2014.11.019

Cited by 53 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…These results are in accordance with previous studies on carabid succession after wind disturbances (Šustek & Vido 2013;Winter et al 2015) or during the standard forestry cycle (Magura et al 2003).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…This phenomenon has also been documented in other similar studies (Magura et al 2003;Purchart et al 2013;Sklodowski 2017), and it can be explained by the following: a) some ground beetle species (members of the genus Carabus) can survive several years in suboptimal habitats (Koivula et al 2002) because their development takes several years (Hůrka 1996), and adults can live for a few years as well; b) a windthrow area might temporarily offer high numbers of prey because an open habitat with a substantial amount of freshly dead wood and an array of herbs is characterised by a high abundance of saproxylic and herbivorous invertebrates (Winter et al 2015;Sklodowski 2017) c) temporarily increased amount of dead wood provides shelter for carabids (Sklodowski 2016;Sklodowski 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second highest abundance of open-habitat species was surprisingly found in the mature 90-year-old stand. This corresponds to the fact that mature montane spruce forests usually exhibit a partly open structure because their canopies are already disturbed by dieback or falling/felling of individual trees (Winter et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, changes in ground beetle communities after natural disturbances (e.g., windthrows) are insufficiently studied (Sklodowski & Garbalińska 2007). However, some studies dealing with this topic have been conducted in the Alps (Duelli et al 2002;Winter et al 2015), northern Poland (Sklodowski & Garbalińska 2007), the Tatra Mountains (Urbanovičová et al 2010;Šustek & Vido 2013) and North America (Gandhi et al 2008). The results of these studies can be summarised into three main outcomes: i) windthrows are followed by decreased abundances of forest species, ii) tree-fall gaps are characterised by the occurrence of species specific to open habitats, and iii) changes in temperature and humidity are considered to be the most significant factors driving ground beetle community succession in these studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Succession of ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) communities after windthrow disturbance in a montane Norway spruce forest in the Hrubý Jeseník Mts. (Czech Republic)

Kašák

Foit

Hučín

2017

Central European Forestry Journal

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Wind disturbances are a key factor that is significantly involved in the life cycle of natural boreomontane coniferous forests. As most of these forests are currently intensively managed, we have limited knowledge on succession following natural disturbance. Succession in a Norway spruce stand after a windthrow event was studied using ground beetles as model bioindication taxa in the Hrubý Jeseník Mts. (Czech Republic). The study documented that the composition of ground beetle communities was significantly associated with stand age and its microclimatic parameters (particularly the minimal temperature and average and minimal humidity). Forest species including prey specialists, hygrophilous species, as well as habitat generalists were the most abundant in the mature stand, where the forest had the highest humidity and the least profound minimal temperatures. In contrast, open-habitat species, including euryoecious species and relict species of higher elevations, reached their highest abundances in clearing shortly after the windthrow. In clearing the humidity was lower and the temperature fluctuated significantly (the lowest minimal temperatures). Ground beetles, including forest species, were the least abundant in young stands (10 and 20 years after windthrow). We conclude that old stands are of particular importance because they harbour the highest abundance and diversity of ground beetles with various ecological requirements. Natural wind disturbances are important as well since they increase diversity by enabling the occurrence of many non-forest species. Hence, a mosaic of stands of different ages with a sufficient proportion of old stands should be maintained when managing montane coniferous forests.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Succession of ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) communities after windthrow disturbance in a montane Norway spruce forest in the Hrubý Jeseník Mts. (Czech Republic)

Kašák

Foit

Hučín

2017

Central European Forestry Journal

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“…This knowledge is based on fundamental relationships, such as between tree crown size and diameter increment, indicating the importance of canopy structure for tree and stand productivity (Dieler & Pretzsch 2013). However, not only biomass production but also other forest ecosystem services and functions, for instance habitat suitability, do very much depend on structural properties of trees and hence on management-related changes of tree and forest structure (Puettmann et al 2009, Gossner et al 2014, Winter et al 2015. Understanding the interplay between forest management and the resulting tree habitus or growth is crucial for an effective and goal-orientated forest management (Röhrig et al 2006, Bayer et al 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between tree growth and physical dimensions of Fagus sylvatica crowns assessed from terrestrial laser scanning

Seidel¹,

Schall²,

Gille³

et al. 2015

iForest

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, Christian Ammer (2) Measurements of physical tree crown dimensions were of subjective character in the past, even though they can be considered important for the management of many silvicultural operations, such as timing of thinning operations. In our study we investigated if and how measures of physical crown dimensions of trees differed when quantified conventionally versus based on 3D-terrestrial laser scanning and how they are related to basal area increment. Some 24 randomly selected predominant or dominant beech trees between 90 and 110 yrs of age and of varying height were used as study trees. We hypothesized that tree crown dimensions obtained from scans are more closely related to tree radial growth than those obtained from conventional field measurements. It was found that from a variety of compared crown size characteristics the scan-based tree attributes mean crown radius, maximum area of the crown and crown projection area were most closely related to individual tree growth. We conclude that the horizontal extension of a tree crown in general is to be considered one of the most important drivers of tree growth. We also conclude that terrestrial laser scanning is a powerful tool to reliably measure physical crown dimensions and TLS-based measurements are more reliable than conventional ones.

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Does the legacy of historical thinning treatments foster resilience to bark beetle outbreaks in subalpine forests?

Morris

Buonanduci

Agne

et al. 2021

Ecological Applications

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Promoting ecological resilience to increasing disturbance activity is a key management priority under warming climate. Across the Northern Hemisphere, tree mortality from widespread bark beetle outbreaks raises concerns for how forest management can foster resilience to future outbreaks. Density reduction (i.e., thinning) treatments can increase vigor of remaining trees, but the longevity of treatment efficacy for reducing susceptibility to future disturbance remains a key knowledge gap. Using one of the longest‐running replicated experiments in old‐growth subalpine forests, we measured stand structure following a recent (early 2000s) severe mountain pine beetle (MPB; Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreak to examine the legacy of historical (1940s) thinning treatments on two components of resilience. We asked: ‘How did historical thinning intensity affect (1) tree‐scale survival probability and stand‐scale survival proportion (collectively “resistance” to outbreak) for susceptible trees (lodgepole pine [Pinus contorta] ≥ 12 cm diameter) and (2) post‐outbreak stand successional trajectories?’ Overall outbreak severity was high (MPB killed 59% of susceptible individuals and 78% of susceptible basal area), and historical thinning had little effect on tree‐scale and stand‐scale resistance. Tree‐scale survival probability decreased sharply with increasing tree diameter and did not differ from the control (uncut stands) in the historical thinning treatments. Stand‐scale proportion of surviving susceptible trees and basal area did not differ from the control in historically thinned stands, except for treatments that removed nearly all susceptible trees, in which survival proportion approximately doubled. Despite limited effects on resistance to MPB outbreak, the legacy of historical treatments shifted dominance from large‐diameter to small‐diameter lodgepole pine by the time of outbreak, resulting in historically thinned stands with ~2× greater post‐outbreak live basal area than control stands. MPB‐driven mortality of large‐diameter lodgepole pine in control stands and density‐dependent mortality of small‐diameter trees in historically thinned stands led to convergence in post‐outbreak live tree stand structure. One exception was the heaviest historical thinning treatments (59–77% basal area removed), for which sapling dominance of shade‐tolerant, unsusceptible conifers was lower than control stands. After six decades, thinning treatments have had minimal effect on resistance to bark beetle outbreaks, but leave persistent legacies in shaping post‐outbreak successional trajectories.

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Multi-taxon alpha diversity following bark beetle disturbance: Evaluating multi-decade persistence of a diverse early-seral phase

Cited by 53 publications

References 50 publications

Succession of ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) communities after windthrow disturbance in a montane Norway spruce forest in the Hrubý Jeseník Mts. (Czech Republic)

Succession of ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) communities after windthrow disturbance in a montane Norway spruce forest in the Hrubý Jeseník Mts. (Czech Republic)

Relationship between tree growth and physical dimensions of Fagus sylvatica crowns assessed from terrestrial laser scanning

Does the legacy of historical thinning treatments foster resilience to bark beetle outbreaks in subalpine forests?

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