Multi-wall carbon nanotubes do not necessarily improve the fracture behaviour of the epoxy matrix

Sánchez, Marcos; Cicero, Sergio

doi:10.1016/j.prostr.2021.10.015

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Areas with MWCNTs agglomerations act as stress concentration areas. Agglomeration also recuses the bonds between carbon fibers and epoxy matrix 7,38 . Improved fiber‐matrix adhesion was seen in the case of VIP samples with 0.5 wt% MWCNTs when compared with HLVB samples with the same 0.5 wt% MWCNTs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Agglomeration also recuses the bonds between carbon fibers and epoxy matrix. 7,38 Improved fiber-matrix adhesion was seen in the case of VIP samples with 0.5 wt% MWCNTs when compared with HLVB samples with the same 0.5 wt% MWCNTs. Higher interfacial debonding in HLVB samples reduced its stress transfer capabilities, hence lowering the mechanical properties of composites manufactured using HLVB when compared with VIP samples.…”

Section: Failure Mechanism Of Epoxy/ Mwcnts/cf Laminated Compositesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The incorporation of a small amount of MWCNTs (less than 0.1 wt%) with very high aspect ratios (greater than 3000) and very low aspect ratios (less than 250) does not show a significant effect on the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of epoxy composites, whereas higher concentrations (greater than 0.5 wt%) resulted in reagglomeration of MWCNTs which ultimately reduced composites UTS below pure epoxies. 5,7 As long as appropriate dispersion is achieved, the addition of MWCNTs increases the stiffness of the epoxy matrix. Reagglomerations due to higher concentrations of MWCNTs result in the reduction of the stiffness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MWCNTs with higher aspect ratios improve the mechanical properties of epoxy/MWCNTs nanocomposites, but they also increase the likelihood of agglomeration if the dispersion method is not carefully chosen. The incorporation of a small amount of MWCNTs (less than 0.1 wt%) with very high aspect ratios (greater than 3000) and very low aspect ratios (less than 250) does not show a significant effect on the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of epoxy composites, whereas higher concentrations (greater than 0.5 wt%) resulted in reagglomeration of MWCNTs which ultimately reduced composites UTS below pure epoxies 5,7 . As long as appropriate dispersion is achieved, the addition of MWCNTs increases the stiffness of the epoxy matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation on the effect of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in carbon fiber‐reinforced epoxy composites manufactured using vacuum infusion process and hand layup process followed by vacuum bagging

Varghese,

M. S.

2023

Polymer Composites

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Epoxy/carbon fiber (CF) composites are widely used for structural applications owing to their exceptional mechanical and physical characteristics. The main aim of this work is to individually analyze the impact of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as nanofillers in epoxy/MWCNTs/CF composites prepared by vacuum infusion process (VIP) and hand layup followed by vacuum bagging technique (HLVB). Optimal Manufacturing Strategies were followed at various stages of manufacturing which include the selection of effective dispersion technique for MWCNTs, identification of optimal weight percentage of MWCNTs in epoxy/MWCNTs nanocomposites and preparation of epoxy/MWCNTs/CF composites. For HLVB samples, tensile and flexural strengths increased from 337.5 to 475 MPa and 615.40 to 677.09 MPa. For VIP samples tensile and flexural strengths increased from 371 to 521 MPa and 714.19 to 769.02 MPa. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated improvement in the thermal stability of epoxy with the incorporation of MWCNTs/CF and improved weight percentage retention of 84.7% at 375°C. Fracture analysis of the epoxy/MWCNTs/CF composites prepared using VIP were analyzed by FE‐SEM and revealed that constant fiber rupture caused by better interface and improved bridging mechanism eventually led to enhanced mechanical performance. The predominant immediate fracture mechanism of MWCNTs also indicated this improved interfacial interaction.Highlights Pull‐out fracture mechanism was predominantly seen in high viscous epoxy/MWCNTs composites Immediate fracture mechanism of MWCNTs were predominant in low viscous epoxy/MWCNTs sample Constant fiber rupture of VIP samples indicated improved fiber matrix interface Incorporation of MWCNTs showed improved weight percentage retention 0.5 wt% MWCNTs incorporated VIP epoxy/CF composites showed improved performance

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Failure Mechanism Of Epoxy/ Mwcnts/cf Laminated Compositesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Investigation on the effect of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in carbon fiber‐reinforced epoxy composites manufactured using vacuum infusion process and hand layup process followed by vacuum bagging

Varghese,

M. S.

2023

Polymer Composites

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Effect of molybdenum disulfide functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes based hybrid on morphology, mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy nanocomposites

Varghese,

M. S.

2024

Polymer Composites

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Three‐dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) functionalized MWCNTs hybrid nanoparticles were synthesized using in‐situ hydrothermal reaction. Two types of hybrids, MoS2/MWCNTs‐1 and MoS2/MWCNTs‐2 with MWCNTs to MoS2 precursor weight ratios 1:2 and 1:1 respectively were prepared with varying degrees of hybridization and the effects of their incorporation on tensile strength and fracture toughness properties of epoxies were investigated. Epoxy/MoS2/MWCNTs‐2 nanocomposites showed exceptional mechanical properties due to their improved dispersion, constrained chain mobility and excellent interfacial interactions. MoS2/MWCNTs‐2 nanocomposites showed maximum improvement of tensile strength by 28.52% at 0.5 wt% nanofiller concentration and the highest improvements in fracture toughness by 172% at 0.2 wt% nanofiller concentration. The excellent enhancement of fracture toughness properties was due to the synergic effect of MoS2/MWCNTs hybrid nanoparticles due to the crack pinning and bifurcation properties of MoS2 nanoparticles along with the pull‐out and crack bridging mechanisms of MWCNTs as observed in morphological analysis of fractures nanocomposites. The incorporation of 0.2 wt% of MoS2/MWCNTs‐2 increased the degradation temperatures of epoxy from 591 to 796°C at 95% weight loss due to the improved physical barrier effect.Highlights MoS2/MWCNTs nanoparticles were synthesized using in‐situ hydrothermal reaction 0.5 wt% MoS2/MWCNTs‐2 incorporated epoxies showed highest tensile strength 0.2 wt% MoS2/MWCNTs‐2 incorporated epoxy composites show improved K1c value Incorporation of MoS2/MWCNTs improved the thermal stability of epoxy Synergistic effect of nanocomposite due to crack pinning, bifurcation & bridging

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Evolution of phase structure and fracture toughness induced by carbon nanotubes in thermoplastic-toughened epoxy nanocomposites

Yao,

Shi,

Gao

et al. 2023

Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites

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The nanomaterials-filled thermoset/thermoplastic ternary nanocomposites exhibit important potential to achieve both toughening and stiffening effect for thermosetting resin. However, the targeted growth in fracture toughness and the synergistic toughening mechanism of thermoplastic resin and nanomaterials has not been attained due to the complex immiscible ternary system. In this work, thermoplastic resin polyetherketone-cardo (PEK-C) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were synergistically incorporated in thermosetting epoxy (EP) resin. The structure-property correlation was explored via the investigation of mechanical performance and microstructure. The results showed that the change of fracture toughness was not linearly related to the PEK-C content, while closely related to the dualphase structure formed by EP and PEK-C. After introducing CNTs, the CNTs were selectively located in the continuous phase of EP, which increased the viscosity of the located region and hindered the coarsening and interconnecting of the dispersed phase of PEK-C, weakening the toughening effect of dualphase structure.

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Multi-wall carbon nanotubes do not necessarily improve the fracture behaviour of the epoxy matrix

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

Investigation on the effect of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in carbon fiber‐reinforced epoxy composites manufactured using vacuum infusion process and hand layup process followed by vacuum bagging

Investigation on the effect of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in carbon fiber‐reinforced epoxy composites manufactured using vacuum infusion process and hand layup process followed by vacuum bagging

Effect of molybdenum disulfide functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes based hybrid on morphology, mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy nanocomposites

Evolution of phase structure and fracture toughness induced by carbon nanotubes in thermoplastic-toughened epoxy nanocomposites

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