Multicomponent Exercise Training Improves Gait Ability of Older Women Rather than Strength Training: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

Objective. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of multicomponent and strength training programs on dynamic balance, functional capacity, and gait ability in older women. Methods. Thirty individuals (67 ± 4.3 years; 30.6 ± 3.9 kg/m2) were trained for 12 weeks (3 times per week), following multicomponent (MG: exercises focusing on agility, balance, muscle strength, and aerobic) and strength programs (SG: lower limbs strength exercise). Results. Peak torque of hip flexors (p=0.020) and extensors (p=0.009) and knee flexors (p=0.001) of SG was greater than that of MG at posttraining. In addition, both groups increased peak torque of knee extensors (p=0.002) and plantar extensors with higher effect size for SG (d = −0.41 and −0.48), whereas MG presented higher effect size for plantar flexors muscles (d = −0.55). Only the SG improved the rate of torque development of knee extensors (29%; p=0.002), and this variable was also greater to SG than MG at posttraining (106%). The SG and MG improved dynamic balance although SG presented higher effect size (d = 0.61). Both groups improved the performance on 30 s sit to stand test (p=0.010) with higher effect size for MG (d = −0.54). Only the MG improved the stride length (4%; p=0.011) and gait speed (10%; p=0.024). In addition, the groups improved toe clearance (p=0.035) and heel contact (p=0.010) with higher effect sizes for MG (d = −0.066 and 1.07). Conclusion. Strength training should be considered to increase muscle function and dynamic balance in older women, whereas multicomponent training should be considered to increase functional capacity and gait ability in this population.

Effects of multimodal agility-like exercise training compared to inactive controls and alternative training on physical performance in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…All studies were published 1995 or later. Three studies did not report all relevant data as means ± standard deviations [18,35,36]. Authors were contacted and asked to provide missing data.…”

“…Authors were contacted and asked to provide missing data. One author [36] answered the request, so that one dataset for balance performance [35] and one dataset for endurance performance [18] had to be left out of further analysis.…”

“…Fifteen out of 20 studies used a two-armed [14,16,17,19,31,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][42][43][44], three studies a three-armed [18,29,40,41] and two studies a four-armed study design [13,15]. As it was part of the inclusion criteria, all studies applied standard randomization procedures for group assignment.…”

“…S1 -Fig. S5): lower body strength (n (studies) = 4 [13,15,34,36], p = 0.78, SMD: -0.05 (90% CI: − 0.32, 0.23), I 2 = 0.11), upper body strength (n (studies) = 3 [15,34,42], p = 0.83, SMD: -0.04 (90% CI: − 0.36, 0.27), I 2 = 0.00), overall strength (n (studies) = 5 [13,15,34,36,42], p = 0.92, SMD: -0.01 (90% CI: − 0.21, 0.19), I 2 = 0.0), gait (n (studies) = 3 [36,41,42], p = 0.92, SMD: -0.02 (90% CI: − 0.34, 0.39), I 2 = 0.46), balance (n (studies) = 2 [29,36], p = 0.24, SMD: 0.41 (90% CI: − 0.17, 0.99), I 2 = 0.52), mobility (n (studies) = 7 [13,15,29,34,36,41,42], p = 0.09, SMD: 0.25 (90% CI: 0.01, 0.48), I 2 = 0.41), endurance (n (studies) = 3 [34,36,42], p = 0.72, SMD: 0.16 (90% CI: − 0.57, 0.89), I 2 = 0.76).…”

Pelatihan Aktivitas Fisik Multimodal Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Keseimbangan Tubuh pada Lansia

“…Pelatihan aktivitas fisik multimodal yang dilakukan oleh peserta merupakan intervensi gerakan latihan untuk meningkatkan stabilitas postural dan kemampuan berjalan (Wang et al, 2015). Program latihan multimodal mencakup gerakan aerobik, strengthening, dan balancing training di mana ketika melakukan program latihan yang mencakup aerobik, penguatan otot, keseimbangan, dan latihan berjalan pada peserta kegiatan dapat membantu untuk meminimalkan efek penuaan pada fungsi otot serta kapasitas fungsional (Wolf et al, 2020). Pelatihan yang dilakukan berkaitan dengan kemampuan fisik menunjukkan hasil yang baik dengan peningkatan keseimbangan berjalan dan penurunan risiko jatuh (Pereira et al, 2018).…”