Multicomponent Spectroscopic Investigations of Salivary Antioxidant Consumption by an Oral Rinse Preparation Containing the Stable Free Radical Species Chlorine Dioxide (CIO₂)

Abstract

A multicomponent evaluation of the oxidative consumption of salivary biomolecules by a commercially-available oral rinse preparation containing an admixture of the stable free radical species chlorine dioxide (ClO2.) with chlorite anion (ClO2-) has been investigated using high resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy. The results obtained demonstrated that ClO2. and/or ClO2- present in this preparation effected the oxidative decarboxylation of salivary pyruvate (to acetate and CO2). Experiments conducted on chemical model systems confirmed the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate by this oral rinse, and also demonstrated that urate, thiocyanate anion, and the amino acids cysteine and methionine (precursors to volatile sulphur compounds responsible for oral malodour), were oxidatively consumed. The biochemical, periodontal and therapeutic significance of the results are discussed.

1H-NMR analysis of microbial-derived organic acids in primary root carious lesions and saliva

“…Other features of the spectra obtained are signals attributable to trimethylamine oxide (s, = 3.27 ppm), a metabolite presumably derived from the trimethylamine oxidase-mediated oxidation of dietary trimethylamine (s, = 2.97 ppm), the a-and b-anomers of glucose (sugar ring proton multiplets in the 3.25-4.00 ppm region) and the a-anomeric proton (d, = 5.26 ppm). Moreover, methanol (s, = 3.38 ppm), a product presumably arising from the direct or passive inhalation of cigarette smoke (via combustion of tobacco lignin) 25 was also detectable in many of the samples collected. All signals detectable in 600 MHz 1 H-NMR spectra acquired on post-neutralized HClO 4 extracts of primary root carious lesions are listed in Table 1.…”

Effect of Aloe vera, chlorine dioxide, and chlorhexidine mouth rinses on plaque and gingivitis: A randomized controlled trial

“…21,22 Previous studies have suggested that ClO 2 and chlorite anion are powerful bactericidal agents to most of the periodontogenic microorganisms. [23][24][25] It was also shown to be effective in treating halitosis, plaque, and gingivitis. 26,27 Owing to minimal adverse effects of these newer materials when compared to clinical gold standard (chlorhexidine), it is worthwhile to evaluate the effectiveness of these agents among patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment.…”

Review Article: Oral malodour and active ingredients for treatment

“…Cysteine and methionine oxidizing agent [76], antimicrobial [77] Mouthwash [75], dentifrice [80], mouthspray [81,82], chewing gum [83] Dehydroascorbic acid Amino acid containing sulphur oxidizing agent [86] Dentifrice [86] Essential oils Antimicrobial [88], antiseptic and anticaries [92] Mouthwash [87,91], mouthspray [91], dentifrice [91,92] Antimicrobial [110,116,117] Mouthrinse [65,79,113,117], dentifrice [112,113,116], chewing gum [117] Activated carbon Odorant absorber [120] Dentifrince, chewing gum, scraper [120] Enzyme…”