Multidimensional measure of aggression in adolescents: Croatian validation of the Peer Conflict Scale

Abstract

In order to adequately assess aggression in adolescence, the Peer Conflict Scale (PCS) was developed. It evaluates both forms and functions of aggression (i.e. proactive overt, proactive relational, reactive overt and reactive relational aggression). The goal of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Croatian version of the Peer Conflict Scale. participants and procedure The total sample consisted of 656 high school students from the City of Zagreb (age range 16-17, 55.33% boys). Independent exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to determine the factor structure, and the best fitting model of the PCS on a Croatian sample. results Both results of EFA and CFA support a proposed fourfactor model of the instrument. Reliabilities of the instrument's scales were acceptable. The measurement invari-ance across gender was established. In order to analyse the construct validity of the PCS, relations between aggression subtypes and the theoretically meaningful variable, i.e. anxiety, were assessed. Reactive relational aggression had the highest correlation with anxiety, while proactive overt aggression did not correlate significantly with anxiety. Furthermore, gender differences in aggression subtypes were assessed, and were in accordance with past research. conclusions Our study verifies the reliability, factor structure and construct validity of PCS in a sample of Croatian adolescents. However, the results of this study suggest that the response format should be changed. Furthermore, some items did not match well with corresponding factors and the best fitting model was the one in which those items were excluded. Therefore, we suggest that two items should be replaced with new ones.

The body as a reflection of relations with others

“…Among these participants, the aggression necessary to establish and negotiate the terms of membership of a certain group appeared not to be diametrically opposed to socially accepted behaviors directed at establishing one’s status/role in the community ( Gilbert et al, 1995 ). Moreover, reactive relational aggression was associated with higher anxiety, whereas no such effect was revealed in pro-active overt aggression ( Drnas et al, 2020 ).…”

Development of the Japanese version of the Peer Conflict Scale

“…撃と関係性攻撃の相関は高いにもかかわらず，それぞ れ心理社会的適応と独自の関連があることが明らかに されている (Card et al, 2008) 。なお，外顕的攻撃お よび関係性攻撃と同様に，能動的攻撃および反応的攻 撃は高い相関を示すことが明らかにされており (Polman et al, 2007) ，能動的攻撃の下位尺度である仲間支 配欲求および攻撃有能感，反応的攻撃性の下位尺度で ある報復意図および怒りがいずれも身体的攻撃および 関係性攻撃と中程度の有意な相関を有することが示さ れている(濱口・藤原， 2016) 。一方で， 能動的攻撃は， 非行，サイコパシー，誇大性自己愛，反社会的行動欲 求( 濱 口 他，2009; Raine et al, 2006;Seah & Ang, 2008) ，反応的攻撃は不安や抑うつ，衝動性，敵意， 親しい友人の欠如 (Barry et al, 2007; 濱口他，2009; Raine et al, 2006;Seah & Ang, 2008) (Little et al, 2003;Marsee et al, 2011;Marsee & Frick, 2007) (Marsee et al, 2011) 。さらに，PCS は， 短縮版 (Russell, 2014)も含め， ポルトガル語 (Pechorro et al, 2021;Pechorro et al, 2018;Vagos et al, 2014) ， クロアチア語 (Drnas et al, 2020)に翻訳され，原版 と同様に信頼性および妥当性が確認されている。 なお， この PCS を使用した研究では，共感性や罪悪感の欠 如といった特徴を有する Callous Unemotional 特性(以 下，CU 特性とする)が能動的攻撃の 2 下位尺度と正 の有意な偏相関を示し，非行が能動的攻撃および反応 的攻撃をそれぞれ統制しても能動的攻撃の各下位尺度 および反応的攻撃の各下位尺度と正の有意な偏相関を 示すことが明らかにされている (Frick & White, 2008;Marsee et al, 2011) 。加えて，不安は PCS の下位尺度 を統制した場合，反応的関係性攻撃と正の有意な関連 を示すことが明らかにされている (Marsee et al, 2008;Russell, 2014)…”