Multidimensional scaling of nominal data: The recovery of metric information with alscal

Young, Forrest W.; Null, Cynthia H.

doi:10.1007/bf02293646

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Numerous previous Monte Carlo studies (e.g., Drasgow & Jones, 1979;Sherman, 1972;Young, 1970;Young & Null, 1978) have consistently found both the number of stimuli and the error level to have a significant effect on the degree of recovery, and Tables 2-5 suggest that this is also true here.…”

Section: Effects In the Main Studysupporting

confidence: 49%

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Multidimensional Scaling of Binary Dissimilarities: Direct and Derived Approaches

Simmen¹

1996

Multivariate Behavioral Research

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Given a matrix of dissimilarities, it has been debated whether researchers should perform multidimensional scaling on this original matrix or on a new one derived by comparing rows in the original matrix. Careful comparison studies (Drasgow & Jones, 1979; Van der Kloot & Van Herk, 1991) in the context of sorting data indicated that most of the initial enthusiasm for the derivative approach was unfounded. The current work, a Monte Carlo study of structured binary data derived from known two-dimensional configurations using ALSCAL, complements and extends the previous studies. We discuss a weakness in the squared difference (δ) row-comparison rule used previously and propose an alternative row-comparison measure based on the Jaccard coefficient. Scaling the binary data directly gave better performance, as gauged by Procrustes statistics, than did scaling A data across a range of noise levels. The quality of solutions obtained by scaling Jaccard data was always better or essentially equal to that from scaling δ data, and in certain parameter regions improved upon that of direct scaling. Another alternative approach, applying the δ rule after first row-centering the binary data, was found to be generally ineffective. These findings are pertinent to the analysis not just of stimulus sorting data but of coarse dissimilarities generally, for example from direct pairwise judgment tasks and in fields outside statistical psychology.

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Section: Effects In the Main Studysupporting

confidence: 49%

“…Such data are obtained by taking the interpoint distancels (optionally with added error) from a known configuration and quantizing them into the required number of levels, an approach previously used by Young and Null (1978). The extreme case of quantization into binary dissimilarities is studied here.…”

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confidence: 99%

Multidimensional Scaling of Binary Dissimilarities: Direct and Derived Approaches

Simmen¹

1996

Multivariate Behavioral Research

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“…In addition to the usual linear transformations, ALSCAL permits ordinal and category-preserving transformations. A fairly large study by Young and Null (1978) showed that ALSCAL can perform well in recovering a known configuration if the level of measurement is known, and even if it is not, ALSCAL may be useful in helping to determine the level of measurement and to recover the underlying structure in the data.…”

Section: Demonstrationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Monte Carlo Simulation Studies

Spence

1983

Applied Psychological Measurement

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This paper reviews the use of the monte carlo method to help illuminate various issues in the area of multidimensional scaling. Both two-way and three- way multidimensional scaling models and procedures are considered. Sampling distribution studies, studies comparing different procedures, and studies that have examined the basic capabilities of the methods under a variety of conditions are reviewed. Based upon the simulations, recommendations are given regarding several problems that face the user of multidimen sional scaling techniques, for example, choosing a computer program, deciding upon the appropriate di mensionality or whether useful structure exists in the data, and dealing with large stimulus sets. Practical advice is given regarding the use of several computer programs, including M-D-SCAL, TORSCA, SSA-I, KYST, MINISSA-I, INDSCAL, ALSCAL, and MULTISCALE, as well as traditional Young-House holder-Torgerson scaling.

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“…-A válaszadók a neuromarketing-kutatásokat a hagyományos kutatásokkal együtt használhatónak, mintsem azok helyettesítőinek tekintik. A fenti összegzés mellett a multidimenzionális skálázás segítségével a neuromarketinggel kapcsolatos változókból ALSCAL-eljárással (Young & Null, 1978) modellt alkottunk, az alacsony mintaszám okán kerülve a faktorelemzést. Az MDS alapját képező kérdés 13 állítást tartalmazott a neuromarketinghez kapcsolódó attitűdökről.…”

Section: Neuromarketing-ismeretek -Attitűdök -Szándékok -Egy Felmérésunclassified

Neuromarketing attitűdök, módszerek és hatások a stratégiai és operatív döntésekre neuromarketing

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Nagy

2020

Veztud

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A marketingkoncepció építőköve, klasszikus eleme a vevőorientáció, mely alatt "… olyan gondolkodásmódot és gazdálkodási gyakorlatot értünk, amely a vállalat minden döntését (termelési, fejlesztési, értékesítési, pénzügyi stb.) a vevő kívánságainak rendeli alá. (Bauer & Berács, 2006, p. 16)." A marketing számára ez leginkább hármas feladatot jelent, úgymint a vevőismeretet, a vevői, fogyasztói magatartás folyamatos vizsgálatát, kutatását, NEUROMARKETING ATTITŰDÖK, MÓDSZEREK ÉS HATÁSOK A STRATÉGIAI ÉS OPERATÍV DÖNTÉSEKRE NEUROMARKETING ATTITUDES, METHODS AND THEIR IMPACTS ON THE ON STRATEGIC AND OPERATIVE MARKETING DECISIONS PISKÓTI ISTVÁN -NAGY LÁSZLÓ Az elmúlt tíz év nemzetközi marketing-szakirodalmában egyre szaporodó -elméleti és gyakorlati példákat felmutatóneuromarketing-tanulmányok az élénk vita, az eltérő megközelítések ütköztetéséről is szólnak. Egyes kutatók elutasítják mondván, hogy lehetetlen általánosítható képet, képleteket találni a gondolkodásról, hiszen az az egyén személyes tapasztalataitól, értékeitől, karakterétől függ. Mások szakmai, etikai kérdésekre hívják fel a figyelmet, hogy a neuromarketingen alapuló technikák korlátozhatják az egyén döntési függetlenségét. A neuromarketing-hívők a fogyasztó megismerésének új módszereinek előnyeit vizsgálják, igazolják, kimutatva, hogy ezek jelentősen tudják növelni a cégek marketing-, piacbefolyásolási tevékenységének hatásosságát, hatékonyságát. A szerzők tanulmányukban e nemzetközi tapasztalatokra is épülően vizsgálják a hazai marketingkutatók, gyakorlati szakemberek neuromarketinggel kapcsolatos attitüdjeit, kiemelve a marketing számára fontosnak tűnő, a fogyasztói döntések érzelmi meghatározottságának vizsgálatát szolgáló néhány neurotudományos eredményt, konkrét példával illusztrálják a neuromérések használatának eredményeit a márkaépítő reklámok hatékonyságának terén. Kulcsszavak: neuromarketing, fogyasztói neurotudomány, márkakutatás, marketingmix, marketingkutatásThe neuromarketing studies of the last fifteen years, despite their theoretical and practical results, are still in the center of a vital and sometimes passionate debate. Some researchers think that processes in brain, like decision making are so unique that it is impossible to identify a general formula to understand and influence them. Others believe that the ethical issues of neuromarketing are so delicate that as a marketing methodology, cannot be used as long as these questions are not properly regulated. Neuromarketing believers think that neuromarketing can offer the best and only way to better understand the needs and motives of consumers. This knowledge can help innovate better products and services, gaining a competitive edge and increase effectiveness. In this paper, the authors are examining, based on an international study, the attitudes of local marketing professionals and marketing academics towards neuromarketing researches. They are also trying to demonstrate through the results of a specific neuromarketing study, how useful a neuromarketing research can be, supporting ...

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Multidimensional scaling of nominal data: The recovery of metric information with alscal

Abstract: data analysis, data quantification, optimal scaling, catetorical data, nonmetric, Monte Carlo, euclidian,

Cited by 23 publications

References 6 publications

Multidimensional Scaling of Binary Dissimilarities: Direct and Derived Approaches

Multidimensional Scaling of Binary Dissimilarities: Direct and Derived Approaches

Monte Carlo Simulation Studies

Neuromarketing attitűdök, módszerek és hatások a stratégiai és operatív döntésekre neuromarketing

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