Multienzymes activity of metals and metal oxide nanomaterials: applications from biotechnology to medicine and environmental engineering

Abstract

With the rapid advancement and progress of nanotechnology, nanomaterials with enzyme-like catalytic activity have fascinated the remarkable attention of researchers, due to their low cost, high operational stability, adjustable catalytic activity, and ease of recycling and reuse. Nanozymes can catalyze the same reactions as performed by enzymes in nature. In contrast the intrinsic shortcomings of natural enzymes such as high manufacturing cost, low operational stability, production complexity, harsh catalytic conditions and difficulties of recycling, did not limit their wide applications. The broad interest in enzymatic nanomaterial relies on their outstanding properties such as stability, high activity, and rigidity to harsh environments, long-term storage and easy preparation, which make them a convenient substitute instead of the native enzyme. These abilities make the nanozymes suitable for multiple applications in sensing and imaging, tissue engineering, environmental protection, satisfactory tumor diagnostic and therapeutic, because of distinguished properties compared with other artificial enzymes such as high biocompatibility, low toxicity, size dependent catalytic activities, large surface area for further bioconjugation or modification and also smart response to external stimuli. This review summarizes and highlights latest progress in applications of metal and metal oxide nanomaterials with enzyme/multienzyme mimicking activities. We cover the applications of sensing, cancer therapy, water treatment and anti-bacterial efficacy. We also put forward the current challenges and prospects in this research area, hoping to extension of this emerging field. In addition to therapeutic potential of nanozymes for disease prevention, their practical effects in diagnostics, to monitor the presence of SARS-CoV-2 and related biomarkers for future pandemics will be predicted.

Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDC)-Based Nanozymes for Biosensing and Therapeutic Applications

“…Nanozymes (NZs)—a class of nanomaterials exhibiting enzyme-like properties and activities—have been tested for a variety of biomedical applications and are promising alternatives to natural enzymes. These abilities are linked to their inherent nanostructures, which mimic natural enzyme active site or charge/electron transfer [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. The growing interest in NZs is also justified by the fact that these nanomaterials can be easily synthesized and functionalized at a low cost, and their catalytic activities can be tuned without compromising their stability.…”

Nanozymes with reductase-like activities: antioxidant properties and electrochemical behavior

“…[1][2][3] Nanozymes (NZs) as articial enzymes (AEs) are promising alternatives to the natural ones. [1][2][3][4][5] AEs have essential advantages over natural enzymes such as low preparation costs, stability, high surface area, self-assembling capability, size and compositiondependent activities, broad possibility for modication, and biocompatibility. They have wide potential practical applications as catalysts in biosensors, fuel-cell technology, environmental biotechnology, and medicine.…”

“…They have wide potential practical applications as catalysts in biosensors, fuel-cell technology, environmental biotechnology, and medicine. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] It has been shown that AEs mimic the activity of peroxidases, 5,[13][14][15] oxidases, 5,16 superoxide dismutases, 5,17 and hydrolases, 5,18 although only limited data were reported regarding reductase mimetics. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Natural reductases are the enzymes which belong to the E.C.…”

Immobilization and Evaluation of Penicillin G Acylase on Hydroxy and Aldehyde Functionalized Magnetic α-Fe2O3/Fe3O4 Heterostructure Nanosheets

“…Currently, magnetic materials are attracting great attention from researchers due to their promising applications in various fields, such as biotechnology (Alizadeh and Salimi, 2021), catalysis (Liu et al, 2021a), electrochemistry (Wang et al, 2021), and biosensors (Dalkıran et al, 2019). Iron (II, III) oxide (Fe 3 O 4 ) nanocomposites have many applications in the enzymatic immobilization field (Li et al, 2019), as they contain the Fe 3+ (Liu et al, 2016) and Fe 2+ antispinel structures.…”