Multifocal Choroiditis in Disseminated Sporotrichosis in Patients With Hiv/Aids

Biancardi, Ana Luiza; Freitas, Dayvison Francis Saraiva; Valviesse, Vitor Ribeiro Gomes de Almeida; Andrade, Hugo Boechat; Oliveira, Manoel Marques Evangelista; Valle, Antônio Carlos Francesconi do; Zancopé‐Oliveira, Rosely Maria; Galhardo, Maria Clara Gutierrez; Curi, André Luiz Land

doi:10.1097/icb.0000000000000290

Cited by 24 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The main forms of clinical presentation are lymphocutanous sporotrichosis (LC) and fixed sporotrichosis (F) ( Figure 1 ). Although less common, mucosal, cutaneous disseminated, and extracutaneous forms (including osteoarticular, pulmonary, meningitis, exogenous, and endogenous endophthalmitis) have also been described ( Table 1 ) [ 11 , 12 , 22 , 24 , 30 , 47 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 ].…”

Section: Clinical Presentation Of the Human Sporotrichosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunopathogenesis of Human Sporotrichosis: What We Already Know

Conceição-Silva

Morgado

2018

JoF

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Sporotrichosis is a subacute/chronic mycosis caused by dimorphic fungus of the genus Sporothrix. This mycosis may affect both human and domestic animals and in the last few years, the geographic dispersion and increase of sporotrichosis worldwide has been observed. The occurrence of cases related to scratching/bites of domestic felines have increased, characterizing the disease as predominantly a zoonosis. In humans, sporotrichosis mainly involves the cutaneous tegument of infected patients, but other tissues may also present the infection. The main forms of clinical presentation are lymphocutanous sporotrichosis (LC) and fixed sporotrichosis (F). Although less common, mucosal, cutaneous disseminated, and extracutaneous forms have also been described. Multiple factors from the fungus and host can play a role in driving the clinical evolution of sporotrichosis to benign or severe disease. In this review, we discuss the immunopathological aspects involved in human sporotrichosis. Putting together the two branches of knowledge—host immune response and fungal evading mechanisms—we may perceive new possibilities in understanding the fungus–host interaction in order to be in a position to go further in the control of sporotrichosis.

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Section: Clinical Presentation Of the Human Sporotrichosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunopathogenesis of Human Sporotrichosis: What We Already Know

Conceição-Silva

Morgado

2018

JoF

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“…After the description of Sporothrix schenckii species complex by Marimon and collaborators [1], 150 cases of sporotrichosis with ocular involvement were published. Just 4.6% out of these cases had the isolation and fungal characterization at the species level (Table 1), being one case by S. pallida [29] and six other cases by S. brasiliensis [4,[30][31][32]. However, in one of these studies [4], the fungus was not isolated from a clinical specimen recovered from the eyes, being disseminated disease presumed as a possible explanation to the diagnosis of ocular sporotrichosis associated to S. brasiliensis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Just 4.6% out of these cases had the isolation and fungal characterization at the species level (Table 1), being one case by S. pallida [29] and six other cases by S. brasiliensis [4,[30][31][32]. However, in one of these studies [4], the fungus was not isolated from a clinical specimen recovered from the eyes, being disseminated disease presumed as a possible explanation to the diagnosis of ocular sporotrichosis associated to S. brasiliensis. MALDI-TOF MS has been proven capable to identify fungal species belonging to the different fungal genus, as showed in previous studies available in the literature [16][17][18][20][21][22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sporotrichosis is a globally distributed subcutaneous fungal infection caused by the dimorphic fungi belonging to the Sporothrix species complex, which can affect animals and humans [1][2][3]. Particularly common in tropical and subtropical areas, this infection is caused by transcutaneous trauma involving animals, soil, plants, or organic matter contaminated with these fungal species through which the fungal conidia enter into the host [4,5]. Such infection may progress into chronic cutaneous and/or it may spread to internal organs [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particularly common in tropical and subtropical areas, this infection is caused by transcutaneous trauma involving animals, soil, plants, or organic matter contaminated with these fungal species through which the fungal conidia enter into the host [4,5]. Such infection may progress into chronic cutaneous and/or it may spread to internal organs [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification by MALDI-TOF MS of Sporothrix brasiliensis Isolated from a Subconjunctival Infiltrative Lesion in an Immunocompetent Patient

et al. 2019

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Sporotrichosis is a globally distributed subcutaneous fungal infection caused by dimorphic fungi belonging to the Sporothrix species complex that affects the skin of limbs predominantly, but not exclusively. A rare case of ocular sporotrichosis in an immunocompetent Brazilian patient from the countryside of Rio de Janeiro State is reported. A 68-year-old woman presented with a subconjunctival infiltrative lesion in the right eye with pre-auricular lymphadenopathy of onset 4 months ago that evolved to suppurative nodular lesions on the eyelids. Conjunctival secretion was evaluated by histopathological examination and inoculated on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA). Histopathology showed oval bodies within giant cells and other mononucleated histiocytes. Fungus grown on SDA was identified as Sporothrix sp. by morphological observations. The isolated strain was finally identified by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) associated with an in-house database enriched with reference Sporothrix complex spectra. The strain presented a MALDI spectrum with the ion peaks of the molecular mass profile of S. brasiliensis. The patient was adequately treated with amphotericin B subsequently replaced by itraconazole. Due to scars left by the suppurative process, the patient presented poor final visual acuity. The present work presents an overview of ocular sporotrichosis and discusses the diagnostic difficulty that can lead to visual sequelae in these cases.

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