Multifunctional all hydrogel-based smart dressing system fabricated by a self-healing cross-linking strategy for real-time monitoring of wound temperature, strain and on-demand drug delivery

Abstract

All-hydrogel dressing systems are extremely beneficial for wound monitoring and treatment. The development of all-hydrogel dressing systems is difficult due to the difficulty in integrating different functional gels. Herein, a...

Swelling-resistant microgel-reinforced hydrogel polymer electrolytes for flexible all-in-one supercapacitors with high performances

“…The boom in wearable smart electronics has driven the demand for flexible energy storage devices. [1][2][3][4][5] Although batteries are widely used as power sources for electronic devices due to their excellent energy density, supercapacitors are emerging as promising energy storage devices for portable function-integrated electronics due to their advantages of high-power density, long cycle life, fast charge/discharge, good safety and miniaturization. [6][7][8][9] Especially, all-in-one supercapacitors, a class of integrated supercapacitors with low interfacial resistance and mechanical stability under complex deformation, have received extensive attention.…”

A Skin‐Inspired Multifunctional Conductive Hydrogel with High Stretchable, Adhesive, Healable, and Decomposable Properties for Highly Sensitive Dual‐Sensing of Temperature and Strain

“…[18][19][20] A variety of smart hydrogel materials have been developed for this study and displayed promising applications in the fields of wearable devices, personal health care, and human-machine interfaces. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Wu et al [25] prepared an ultra-stable, stretchable, highly conductive ionic hydrogel with temperature and strain sensing properties for simulating the temperature and stress-sensing functions of the skin. Huang et al [26] developed an intelligent zwitterionic ionic conductive hydrogel with a double network structure for distinguishing multiple stimuli (temperature and stress) by an electronic signal waveform.…”

“…Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) and poly(Nacryloylglycinamide) (PNAGA) are a low critical solution temperature (LCST) and an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) thermosensitive materials respectively. [28][29][30] At low temperature, multiple hydrogen bonds between PNAGA are formed, and others between hydrophobic groups in PNIPAm are broken, whereas at high temperature, hydrophobic aggregation effects are formed between hydrophobic groups in PNIPAm, and multiple hydrogen bonds between PNAGA are broken. [30] At present, there are four methods for preparing temperaturesensitive hydrogels based on NAGA and NIPAm, which are swelling double networks, [28] self-assembly cross-linking, [30] block copolymerization, [31] and nanosphere gels.…”

“…[28][29][30] At low temperature, multiple hydrogen bonds between PNAGA are formed, and others between hydrophobic groups in PNIPAm are broken, whereas at high temperature, hydrophobic aggregation effects are formed between hydrophobic groups in PNIPAm, and multiple hydrogen bonds between PNAGA are broken. [30] At present, there are four methods for preparing temperaturesensitive hydrogels based on NAGA and NIPAm, which are swelling double networks, [28] self-assembly cross-linking, [30] block copolymerization, [31] and nanosphere gels. [32] Nicolas Sanson et al [31] prepared a temperature-sensitive hydrogel based on NAGA and NIPAm using poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) sidechains linked a poly(N-acryloylglycinamide), which described in detail the mechanism of the double temperature sensitive gel with dual thermoresponsive mechanical performance.…”

“…In our first report, [30] the NIPAm was pre-polymerized, and then obtained an adjustable dual temperature-sensitive hydrogel with high stretchable and healable properties by self-assembly polymerization of PNIPAm and NAGA. In our follow-up study, [28] polymerized PNAGA was repeatedly swollen and polymerized in NIPAm solution to obtain a temperature-sensitive gel with strong mechanical and self-healing properties. However, the above several methods are all two-step preparation of thermosensitive hydrogels, which polymerizes a thermosensitive monomer first and then another thermosensitive monomer is introduced, while the simple and convenient one-step covalent cross-linking method has not been reported, which may be ascribed that the hydrogels prepared by one-step covalent cross-linking strategy usually have poor mechanical properties.…”