Multifunctional and Tunable Coacervate Powders to Enable Rapid Hemostasis and Promote Infected Wound Healing

Abstract

Hemostatic powders provide an important treatment approach for timesensitive hemorrhage control. Conventional hemostatic powders are challenged by the lack of tissue adhesiveness, insufficient hemostatic efficacy, limited infection control, and so forth. This study develops a hemostatic powder from tricomponent GTP coacervates consisting of gelatin, tannic acid (TA), and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). The physical crosslinking by TA results in facile preparation, good storage stability, ease of application to wounds, and removal, which provide good potential for clinical translation. When rehydrated, the coacervate powders rapidly form a cohesive layer with interconnected microporous structure, competent flexibility, switchable wet adhesiveness, and antibacterial properties, which facilitate the hemostatic efficacy for treating irregular, noncompressible, or bacteria-infected wounds. Compared to commercial hemostats, GTP treatment results in significantly accelerated hemostasis in a liver puncture model (∼19 s, >30% reduction in the hemostatic time) and in a tail amputation model (∼38 s, >60% reduction in the hemostatic time). In the GTP coacervates, gelatin functioned as the biodegradable scaffold, while PVA introduced the flexible segments to enable shape-adaptability and interfacial interactions. Furthermore, TA contributed to the physical cross-linking, adhesiveness, and antibacterial performance of the coacervates. The study explores the tunability of GTP coacervate powders to enhance their hemostatic and wound healing performances.

Gelatin Sponges with a Uniform Interoperable Pore Structure and Biodegradability for Liver Injury Hemostasis and Tissue Regeneration

“…Excess tissue fluid in the wound during the healing process might promote the growth and reproduction of germs, raising the risk of harmful bacterial infections. , Pathogenic bacterial infection was one of the main obstacles to wound healing. , Indeed, in this study, the assessment of the antimicrobial properties of GZ, GP, and GPZ sponges by measuring their contact-killing activity against S. aureus and E.…”

“…However, due to their slow degradation, the sponges remain in the body for a long period of time, forming fibrous cystic masses that interfere with normal tissue healing and are prone to excessive inflammation and infection. , They must be surgically removed, which is painful for the patient and can lead to secondary injuries. Aside from the uncontrollable degradation rate of hemostatic sponges, there are other significant problems, , such as the inability to respond to varied wound types and the lack of other active functions like antibacterial and antioxidant. Therefore, the preparation of biodegradable hemostatic sponges with certain active functions, such as antimicrobial and antioxidant functions, is an urgent problem to be solved.…”

Cohering Plasma into Adhesive Gel by Natural Biopolymer–Nanoparticle Hybrid Powder for Efficient Hemostasis and Wound Healing

“…Currently, a wide range of hemostatic powders ranging from inorganic to organic materials, have been extensively researched for their potential in stopping bleeding. ,− For example, zeolite, silicates, or kaolin based inorganic powders are explored to treat with hemorrhage in virtue of their porous hydrophilic structure and inorganic metal oxides . Additionally, natural polymers such as chitosan, cellulose, starch, and alginate have been processed into hemostatic powders, due to their inherent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and a low risk of infection in surgical settings. − The hemostatic mechanism of these traditional hemostatic powders relies on the absorbing blood and concentrating coagulation factors.…”

Biologically Derived Nanoarchitectonic Coatings for the Engineering of Hemostatic Needles

“…Uncontrolled bleeding gives rise to austere trauma, such as hemorrhagic shock, hypothermia, hypotension, organ failure, and infection . Various hemostatic agents (e.g., powder and hydrogels) have been widely designed for the wound hemorrhage. − In some cases, bleeding after tissue puncture with syringe needles could cause psychological fear in patients, especially for children. Further, it increases the risk of local or systemic complications (e.g., subcutaneous bruises, swelling, nerve damage, and uncontrolled bleeding) in patients suffering from hemophilia, Von Willebrand disease, vitamin K deficiency, rat poisoning, warfarin poisoning, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. , Recently, a self-sealing hemostatic needle coated with catechol-conjugated chitosan has been reported for antibleeding after tissue puncture via solid-to-gel phase transition of catechol-functionalized chitosan. , However, the preparation process of hemostatic needles either involved complex modification of polymers or an oxidative preincubation process of 3 days to achieve hemostatic functions.…”