Multifunctional Biodegradable Prussian Blue Analogue for Synergetic Photothermal/Photodynamic/Chemodynamic Therapy and Intrinsic Tumor Metastasis Inhibition

Abstract

To date, various Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) have been prepared for biomedical applications due to their unique structural advantages. However, the safety and effectiveness of tumor treatment still need further exploration. This contribution reports a facile synthesis of PBA with superior tumor synergetic therapeutic effects and a detailed mechanistic evaluation of their intrinsic tumor metastasis inhibition activity. The assynthesized PBA has a uniform cube structure with a diameter of approximately 220 nm and shows high near-infrared light (NIR) photoreactivity, photothermal conversion efficiency (41.44%), and photodynamic effect. Additionally, PBA could lead to a chemodynamic effect, which is caused by the Fenton reaction and ferroptosis. The combined therapy strategy of PBA exhibits notable tumor ablation properties due to photothermal therapy (PTT)/photodynamic therapy (PDT)/chemodynamic therapy (CDT) effects without obvious toxicity in vivo. The PBA has also shown potential as a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and photoacoustic (PA) imaging. More importantly, careful investigations reveal that PBA displays excellent biodegradation and antimetastasis properties. Further exploration of the PBA implies that its underlying mechanism of intrinsic tumor metastasis inhibition activity can be attributed to the modulation of epithelial−mesenchymal transition (EMT) expression. The considerable potential exhibited by the as-synthesized PBA makes it an ideal candidate as a synergetic therapeutic agent for tumor treatment.

A Strategy to Design Cu2MoS4@MXene Composite With High Photothermal Conversion Efficiency Based on Electron Transfer Regulatory Effect

“…However, the photothermal performance of samples marked as Cu 2 MoS 4 @ MXene-7 and Cu 2 MoS 4 @MXene-9 is worse, which may be caused by the aggregation issue mentioned earlier. In addition, the temperature change is also dependent on concentration and laser power density which further demonstrates the distinguished photothermal conversion property of Cu 2 MoS 4 @MXene nanocomposites (Figure 4B and Supplementary Figure S4) (Hao et al, 2021). Taking into account the photostability of Cu2MoS4@MXene-1 and Cu2MoS4@MXene-5 (Supplementary Figure S5), Cu2MoS4@MXene-5 has the best performance, which matches the microscopic morphology and optical properties.…”

Nanozyme–Cellulose Hydrogel Composites Enabling Cascade Catalysis for the Colorimetric Detection of Glucose

“…Here, we present a one-pot assembly procedure for the preparation of an enzyme-nanozyme cascade platform by integrating Prussian blue (PB) NPs and GOx within a cellulose-based hydrogel. PB NPs are composed of Fe atoms in two different oxidation states coordinated by cyanide bridges, and they exhibit outstanding catalase and peroxidase-like catalytic activity. − They have been employed in combination with chromogenic substrates for the detection of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and, by coupling with GOx, for the development of colorimetric glucose sensors. ,, Because of their excellent biocompatibility, PB NPs have recently emerged as a promising nanomaterial for biomedical applications. − The preparation of PB NPs by the coprecipitation method results in nanocrystals with large surface areas, whose dimensions can be tuned by using surface capping agents, such as poly­(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP). , However, these methods are usually performed at high temperatures (i.e., 80 °C) and involve solvents, such as ethanol/water mixtures, which are not suitable for the entrapment of natural enzymes within the polymer matrix during the preparation of PB nanocomposites. Recently, PB NPs were prepared in aqueous media by cross-linking Fe 3+ ions, a precursor of the PB synthesis, in a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) nanofibril membrane, followed by the reaction with hexacyanoferrate at room temperature .…”

Progress in the preparation of Prussian blue-based nanomaterials for biomedical applications

“…Liao et al chose a dual-precursor strategy to prepare Co-PBA of around 200 nm by co-precipitation method by mixing a mixture of cobalt nitrate and sodium citrate with potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) solution for synergistic PTT/PDT/chemical dynamic therapy. 85 In addition to photothermal properties, Co-PBA demonstrated chemokinetic therapeutic capabilities in the study. Its potential pathway is related to ferroptosis, and some results suggest its great potential as a contrast agent for MRI and PA (Fig.…”