Multifunctional Chitosan/Xylan-Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles for the Simultaneous Adsorption of the Emerging Contaminants Pb(II), Salicylic Acid, and Congo Red Dye

Abstract

In this work, we develop chitosan/xylan-coated magnetite (CsXM) nanoparticles as eco-friendly efficient adsorbents for the facile removal of contaminants from water. Characterization of CsXM using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Zeta potential measurements, and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) analysis, confirmed the successful preparation of a chitosan/xylan complex coated over magnetite, which is characterized by being mesoporous, thermally stable and of neutral charge. Three contaminants, Pb(II), salicylic acid (SA), and congo red (CR), were chosen as representative pollutants from three major classes of contaminants of emerging concern: heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, and azo dyes. Pb(II), SA, and CR at initial concentrations of 50 ppm were removed by 64.49, 62.90, and 70.35%, respectively, on applying 6 g/L of CsXM. The contaminants were successfully removed in ternary systems, with Pb (II) and SA being more competitive in their adsorption than CR. Adsorption followed the Freundlich isotherm model and the pseudo-second order kinetic model, while the binding was suggested to occur mainly via chemical chelation for Pb(II) and physical interaction for SA and CR, which demonstrates the multifunctional potential of the nanoparticles to capture different contaminants regardless of their charge.

Environmentally safe biopolymer-clay composite for efficient adsorption of ciprofloxacin in fresh and saline solutions

“…The intra-particle diffusion linear plot ( Fig. S4c ) showed two stages, the first stage indicates that adsorption rate is controlled by pore diffusion with no film diffusion limitations, while the second stage represents equilibrium [ 35 ].…”

Polypyrrole- and Polyaniline-Coated Cotton Fabrics as Efficient Adsorbents for the Pharmaceutical Water Contaminants Diclofenac and Salicylic Acid

“…However, coagulation and flocculation result in large amounts of sludge production, membrane technologies suffer from fouling and clogging of membrane pores, and advanced oxidation processes may result in the production of toxic byproducts [7]. On the other hand, adsorption is considered one of the most appropriate and facile methods for the removal of water pollutants in general and pharmaceutical drugs in particular since it operates efficiently without producing toxic substances [8][9][10]. A wide variety of adsorbent materials were developed for the removal of pharmaceutical drugs from wastewater [11].…”